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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 May 15.
Published in final edited form as: Demography. 2018 Feb;55(1):249–269. doi: 10.1007/s13524-017-0646-3

Table 3.

Ordinary least squares models of economic mobility outcomes by income percentile on incidence of low-weight births

10th Percentile
  (1)		 10th + Controls
  (2)		 25th Percentile
  (3)		 25th + Controls
  (4)		 50th Percentile
  (5)		 50th + Controls
  (6)		 75th Percentile
  (7)		 75th +Controls
  (8)
Low-Weight Births (%) −1.938***
  (0.210)		 −0.394***
  (0.086)		 −1.646***
  (0.179)		 −0.338***
  (0.076)		 −1.159***
  (0.132)		 −0.246***
  (0.063)		 −0.673***
  (0.099)		 −0.154**
  (0.055)
Total Population (log) −1.191***
  (0.224)		 −1.025***
  (0.196)		 −0.748***
  (0.161)		 −0.471**
  (0.147)
Population Density (log) −0.190
  (0.163)		 −0.114
  (0.142)		    0.013
  (0.115)		    0.139
  (0.108)
Black (%) −0.129***
  (0.030)		 −0.112***
  (0.025)		 −0.082***
  (0.020)		 −0.053**
  (0.019)
Latino (%) −0.015
  (0.017)		 −0.025
  (0.015)		 −0.040**
  (0.012)		 −0.056***
  (0.013)
Single-Parent Households (%) −0.405**
  (0.156)		 −0.379**
  (0.135)		 −0.336**
  (0.105)		 −0.292**
  (0.090)
College Graduate (%) −0.074
  (0.054)		 −0.079
  (0.049)		 −0.089*
  (0.043)		 −0.099*
  (0.043)
Less Than High School (%) −0.167*
  (0.068)		 −0.149*
  (0.062)		 −0.119*
  (0.055)		 −0.089
  (0.053)
Some College (%) −0.092
  (0.054)		 −0.116*
  (0.048)		 −0.156***
  (0.041)		 −0.196***
  (0.039)
Unemployed (%) −0.163*
  (0.077)		 −0.205**
  (0.065)		 −0.274***
  (0.051)		 −0.343***
  (0.047)
Labor Force Population    0.011
  (0.032)		    0.015
  (0.029)		    0.022
  (0.026)		    0.029
  (0.026)
Total Household Income (log)    0.000
  (0.000)		    0.000*
  (0.000)		    0.000*
  (0.000)		    0.000
  (0.000)
Poverty Rate    0.050
  (0.064)		    0.076
  (0.056)		    0.119*
  (0.049)		    0.162**
  (0.052)
Foreign-bom (%)    0.339***
  (0.042)		    0.244***
  (0.037)		    0.087**
  (0.030)		 −0.070*
  (0.031)
Median Household Income (log)    4.482***
  (1.297)		    4.563***
  (1.171)		    4.699***
  (1.060)		    4.836***
  (1.105)
Year Fixed Effects Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
County Fixed Effects No No No No No No No No
Number of Observations 9,409 9,409 9,409 9,409 9,409 9,409 9,409 9,409
R2    .370    .624    .370    .622    .294    .602    .107    .561

Notes: Robust standard errors, clustered at the county level, are shown in parentheses. All models include year fixed effects.

*

p < .05;

**

p < .01;

***

p < .001