. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: Clin Perinatol. 2018 Feb 28;45(2):257–271. doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2018.01.011

Table 2.

Need for conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) and incidence of BPD in preterm infants with RDS treated with INSURE approach using surfactant administration through a thin plastic catheter [MIST or LIST – minimally (or less) invasive surfactant therapy and LISA (less invasive surfactant administration)] vs. endotracheal tube (ETT).

Study	N (gestation)	Need for CMV Catheter vs. ETT	Incidence of BPD Catheter vs. ETT	Entry criteria for catheter
Gopel ⁸⁰	2206 (26–28 weeks)	41% vs. 62% (P < 0.001)	12% vs. 18% (P = 0.001)	Cohort study not specified
Kanmaz⁸¹	200 (< 32 weeks)	40% vs. 49% (P = NS)	10.3% vs. 20.2% Moderate-Severe P = 0.009	FiO₂ > 0.4 & CPAP
Gopel⁸²	220 (26–28 weeks)	33% vs. 73% (P < 0.0001)	8% vs. 13% P = 0.268	FiO₂ > 0.3 & CPAP
Kribs⁸³	211 (23–26.8 weeks)	74.8% vs. 99% (P < 0.001)	67.3% vs. 58.7% Survival without BPD (P = NS)	FiO₂ > 0.3 & CPAP in first 2 hours
Mohammadizadeh⁸⁴	38 (<34 weeks)	15.8% vs. 10.5% (P=NS)	(P = NS)	CPAP & need for surfactant
Bao⁸⁵	90 (27–32 weeks	17.0% vs. 23.3% (P = NS)	(P = NS)	FiO₂ = 0.30–0.35 & CPAP
Mirnia⁸⁶	136 (27–32 weeks)	19% vs. 22% (P =NS)	7.5% vs. 7.1% (P = NS)	FiO₂ > 0.3 & CPAP

Abbreviations: N, number; CMV, conventional mechanical ventilation; ETT, endotracheal tube; BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasisa; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; NS, non-significant