. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: Clin Perinatol. 2018 Feb 28;45(2):257–271. doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2018.01.011

Table 3.

Clinical predictors of CPAP Failure

Study	Infants studied	Clinical characteristics as predictors of CPAP failure	Odds ratio (95% CI)

Ammari¹⁶	261 infants ≤ 1250 g	Severe RDS on initial CXR	6.42 (2.75, 15.0)
		PPV at delivery	2.37 (1.02, 5.52)
		A-a DO₂ > 180 mmHg	6.42 (2.75, 15.0)

Pillai ⁶⁸	62 infants ≤ 1500 g	Product of CPAP and FiO2 ≥1.28	3.9 (1.0, 15.5)
		PPROM	5.3 (1.2, 24.5)
		GA < 28 weeks	6.5 (1.5, 28.3)

Dargaville¹⁴	66 infants 25–28 wks	FiO2 by 2 hr	1.19 (1.06, 1.33)
Dargaville¹⁴	GA	Caesarean delivery	14.77 (1.47, 148.55)

Tagliaferro⁶⁶	235 infants ≤ 1000 g	GA ≤ 26 weeks	6.19 (2.79, 13.73)
		A-a DO₂ > 180 mmHg	2.18 (1.06, 4.47)
		pH ≤ 7.27	2.69 (1.27, 5.69)
		Severe RDS on initial radiograph	10.81 (3.5, 33.3)

Abbreviations: CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; PPV, positive pressure ventilation; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen; GA, gestational age; PPROM, prolonged premature rupture of membranes; A-a DO2, alveolar-arterial oxygen difference; g, grams; RDS, respiratory distress syndrome; CXR, chest x-ray; CI, confidence interval