Table 1.

Sensitivity and Specificity for Diagnosing Optic Disc Edema Using Fundus Photos Compared with the Standard Clinical Examination (n = 206 Eyes)

	STANDARD CLINICAL EXAMINATION
DIAGNOSIS WITH PHOTO	EDEMA	NO EDEMA	SENSITIVITY (95% CI)	SPECIFICITY (95% CI)
Grader 1
Present, likely present, uncertain	95	19	92.2 (95.4–96.0)	81.6 (73.0–87.9)
Likely absent, absent	8	84
Present, likely present, uncertain, likely absent	101	42	98.1 (93.2–99.5)	59.2 (49.6–68.2)
Absent	2	61
Grader 2
Present, likely present, uncertain	74	5	71.8 (62.5–79.6)	95.2 (89.1–98.9)
Likely absent, absent	29	98
Present, likely present, uncertain, likely absent	83	8	80.6 (71.9–87.1)	92.2 (85.4–96.0)
Absent	20	95
Grader 3
Present, likely present, uncertain	82	7	79.6 (70.8–86.3)	93.2 (86.6–96.7)
Likely absent, absent	21	96
Present, likely present, uncertain, likely absent	95	20	92.2 (85.4–96.0)	80.6 (71.9–87.1)
Absent	8	83
Grader 4
Present, likely present, uncertain	89	16	86.4 (78.5–91.7)	84.5 (76.3–90.2)
Likely absent, absent	14	87
Present, likely present, uncertain, likely absent	98	39	95.2 (89.1–97.9)	62.1 (52.5–70.9)
Absent	5	64

CI, confidence interval.