Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the task-based fMRI studies included in the current meta-analysis
| Study | Anxiety disorder | Subjects, n
|
Mean age of patients (SD)
|
Females (%)
|
Medication status (subgroup) | Comorbidity (%) | Software (subgroup) | MRI (sub-group) | Statistical threshold | Quality score | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient | HC | Patient | HC | Patient | HC | ||||||||
| New et al23 | PTSD | 14 | 14 | 38.7 (11.2) | 31.7 (10.3) | 100 | 100 | Treatment-naive (unmedicated) | Pure PTSD | SPM 2 | 3.0 T |
p<0.05 Corrected |
11.5 |
| Gaebler et al5 | SAD | 21 | 23 | 30.5 (7.17) | 30.0 (7.99) | 76 | 78 | 17 patients treatment naive; 4 patients on medication (medicated) | 38 | SPM 8 | 3.0 T |
p<0.05 Corrected |
12 |
| Ziv et al21 | SAD | 27 | 27 | 31.1 (7.6) | 32.6 (9.5) | 44 | 48 | Treatment-naive for 3 months prior to scan (unmedicated) | 30 | AFNI | 3.0 T |
p<0.005 Corrected |
11.5 |
| Blair et al22 | SAD | 19 | 18 | 29.4 (8.70) | 33.4 (9.65) | 53 | 56 | Treatment-naive (unmedicated) | Pure SAD | AFNI | 1.5 T |
p<0.05 Corrected |
10.5 |
| Goldin et al20 | SAD | 15 | 17 | 31.6 (9.7) | 32.1 (9.3) | 60 | 53 | Treatment-naive (unmedicated) | NA | AFNI | 3.0 T |
p<0.005 Corrected |
11 |
| Blair et al22 | SAD/GAD | 17 | 18 | 35.7 (9.54) | 33.4 (9.65) | 71 | 56 | Treatment-naive (unmedicated) | 100 | AFNI | 1.5 T |
p<0.05 Corrected |
10.5 |
| Ball et al44 | PD | 18 | 22 | 29 (7) | 27 (9) | 83 | 50 | 6 week washout before scan (medicated) | 28 | AFNI | 3.0 T |
p<0.05 Corrected |
12 |
| Reinecke et al42 | PD | 18 | 18 | 36.5 (13.8) | 32.3 (12.1) | 78 | 78 | 3 patients had 48 hour washout before scan (medicated) | 17 | FSL | 3.0 T |
p<0.05 Corrected |
11 |
| Fitzgerald et al43 | GAD | 30 | 30 | 27.20 (7.57) | 25.43 (10.02) | 60 | 77 | 17 patients treatment-naive; 13 patients had 4 weeks washout before scan (medicated) | 60 | SPM 8 | 3.0 T |
p<0.05 Corrected |
12 |
| Ball et al44 | GAD | 23 | 22 | 35 (11) | 27 (9) | 74 | 50 | 6 week washout before scan (medicated) | 52 | AFNI | 3.0 T |
p<0.05 Corrected |
12 |
| Blair et al22 | GAD | 17 | 18 | 36.1 (11.75) | 33.4 (9.65) | 76 | 56 | Treatment-naive (unmedicated) | Pure SAD | AFNI | 1.5 T |
p<0.05 Corrected |
10.5 |
Abbreviations: AFNI, Analysis of Functional NeuroImages; fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging; FSL, Functional MRI of the brain Software Libraries package; GAD, generalized anxiety disorder; HC, healthy control; NA, not available; PD, panic disorder; PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder; SAD, social anxiety disorder; SPM, statistical parametric mapping.