Table 1.
Characteristics of the leptospirosis cases (N = 1,229)
| Factors | n (%) | Kelantan population census 2010 | Incidence rate per 100,000 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | |||
| Mean(± SD) | 31.66 (± 19.96) | 23.1 | |
| Median | 28.0 | – | |
| 0–14 | 275 (22.4) | 497,464 | 55.3 |
| 15–29 | 380 (30.9) | 420,647 | 90.3 |
| 30–44 | 228 (18.6) | 261,244 | 87.3 |
| 45–59 | 202 (16.4) | 224,311 | 90.1 |
| 60–74 | 120 (9.8) | 106,276 | 112.9 |
| ≥ 75 | 24 (2.0) | 29,659 | 80.9 |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 711 (57.9) | 773,698 | 91.9 |
| Female | 518 (42.1) | 765,903 | 67.6 |
| Citizenship | |||
| Malaysian | 1,182 (96.2) | 1,507,129 | 78.4 |
| Non Malaysian* | 47 (3.8) | 32,472 | 144.7 |
| Race (N = 1,182) | |||
| Malay | 1,137 (96.2) | 1,426,373 | 79.7 |
| Chinese | 23 (1.9) | 51,614 | 44.6 |
| Indian | 2 (0.2) | 3,849 | 52.0 |
| Orang Asli (Indigenous) | 9 (0.8) | 16,105 | 55.9 |
| Others | 11 (0.9) | 9,188 | 119.7 |
| Occupation (N = 1,128) | |||
| Public sector | 76 (6.2) | – | – |
| Private sector | 18 (10.4) | – | – |
| Self-used | 323 (26.3) | – | – |
| Unemployed/Homemaker | 701 (57.1) | – | – |
| Cases according to flood period | |||
| Pre | 357 (29.0) | – | – |
| During | 147 (12.0) | – | – |
| Post | 725 (59.0) | – | – |
| Death (N = 7) | |||
| Pre | 2 (28.6) | – | – |
| During | 1 (14.3) | – | – |
| Post | 4 (57.1) | – | – |
SD = standard deviation.
*
Non Malaysian: Indonesian(17), Thailand(10), Nepal(7), Bangladesh(6), Myanmar(4), Cambodia, India, Pakistan(1).