Table 2.
Diagnostic tests performed and confirmed infections in 1,725 participants with acute febrile illness
| Adults, N = 970 | Children, N = 755 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dengue (NS1 antigen ELISA or IgM) | 201/905 (22%) | 51/630 (8%) | < 0.0001 |
| Chikungunya (IgM) | 30/829 (4%) | 5/605 (1%) | 0.0004 |
| Malaria (blood smear or RDT) | 88/957 (9%) | 14/746 (2%) | < 0.0001 |
| Leptospirosis (IgM) | 18/155 (12%) | 0/9 (0%) | – |
| Pulmonary infiltrate (X-ray or CT) | 61/154 (40%) | 121/230 (53%) | 0.0164 |
| Respiratory culture | 12/62 (19%) | 4/7 (57%) | 0.0455 |
| Strep pneumoniae (urine antigen) | 5/228 (2%) | 0 | – |
| Influenza (RDT) | 8/672 (1%) | 5/503 (1%) | 1 |
| Tuberculosis (AFB smear, culture, or GeneXpert)* | 20/970 (2%) | 5/755 (1%) | 0.0152 |
| Meningitis (CSF WBC > 5 or organism identified) | 50/116 (43%) | 44/145 (30%) | 0.038 |
| CSF culture | 6/46 (13%) | 9/80 (11%) | 0.7807 |
| Cryptococcal meningitis (cryptococcal antigen) | 2/8 (25%) | 1/1 (100%) | 0.3333 |
| Blood culture before antibiotics | 8/281 (3%) | 19/383 (5%) | 0.2326 |
| Blood culture after antibiotics† | 29/661 (4%) | 11/357 (3%) | 0.3981 |
| Urine culture | 31/131 (24%) | 5/42 (12%) | 0.1277 |
| Stool culture | 4/42 (10%) | 3/18 (17%) | 0.4185 |
| Hepatitis A* | 2/970 (< 1%) | 14/755 (2%) | 0.0005 |
| Hepatitis E* | 4/970 (< 1%) | 0/755 (0%) | – |
CSF = cerebrospinal fluid; CT = computed tomography; ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; RDT = rapid diagnostic test; Strep = Streptococcus; WBC = white blood cell.
*
Number of tests performed is unknown, positive results only are reported.
†
Includes participants who received antibiotics in the week before admission.