Table 1.

Comparison of clinical characteristics, presentation, coronary involvement, management, and outcomes in recent SCAD cohorts

Cohort	Tweet, 201712, a	Saw, 20175	Lettieri, 20156, b	Rogowski, 20177	Nakashima, 20168
No. of patients	323	327	134	64	63
Mean age, y	45 ± 9.6	52.5 ± 9.6	52 ± 11	53 ± 11.2	46 ± 10
Female sex	100	91	81	94	94
White race	95	82	—	—	—
BMI, kg/m2	24.9 ± 5	24.4 (21.5–28.3)	24.3 ± 3.5	24.8 ± 4.8	22.4 ± 4.2
DM	0.9	4.6	2	0	0
Dyslipidemia	35	26	33	52	23
HTN	27	36	51	45	33
Current smoker	0.6	10	34	28	32
Pregnancy associated	17	2	—	5	8
History of infertility therapy	18	—	—	—	—
History of hormonal birth control	86	—	—	—	0
History of postmenopausal HT	15	12	—	—	2
Migraines	30	36	—	—	—
History of depression	31	23	—	—	—
History of anxiety	31	13.5	—	2c	—
Extreme emotion/stress	13	48	—	—	29
Extreme exertion	12	28	—	19	10
FMD	30d	63	—	8e	8f
EVA	36d	—	—	—	—
Connective‐tissue disease	2	5	—	—	2
STEMI	40	26	49	30	87
NSTEMI	58	74	40	69	13
CV arrest	10	VT/VF 9	2.8	—g	Shock/arrest 16
Artery involvementf
LM	8	0.6	2.8	3	0
LAD	62	54	36	48	59
LCx	15	38	15	16	6
RCA	14	27	27	9	24
Ramus/OM/PDA/PLA	22	—	19	31	—
Multivessel	18	14	13	9	11
PCI	45	17	38	11	54
PCI lack of success	23	31	28	14	9
CABG	10	2.1	6	1.6	1.6
In‐hospital death	0	0	2.2	1.6	—
In‐hospital urgent revascularization	2	4.3	1.5	0	—
Follow‐up
Median F/U time	2.34 y (1.04–5.06 y)	3.1 y (1.49–5.49 y)	22 months (1–166 months)	4.5 y (1.8–8.4 y)	34 months (3–160 months)
F/U MI	18%; 21% 5‐y KM	16.8%; 4.8%/y	2 (1.6%)	4 (6.3%)g	18 (28.6%)
F/U SCAD	16%; 20% 5‐y KM	10.4%; 2.8%/y	4.7%	3 (4.7%)	22%; 27% 5‐y KM
F/U HF	2%; 3% 5‐yr KM	—	5 (3.9%)	0	—
F/U death	0	0.3%/y	4 (3.1%)	0b	1 (1.6%)

Abbreviations: CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CV, cardiovascular; EVA, extracoronary vascular abnormalities; FMD, fibromuscular dysplasia; F/U, follow‐up; HF, heart failure; HT, hormone therapy; HTN, hypertension; IQR, interquartile range; KM, Kaplan–Meier; LAD, left anterior descending coronary artery; LCx, left circumflex coronary artery; LM, left main coronary artery; MI, myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, non–ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction; OM, obtuse marginal artery; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PDA, posterior descending artery; PLA, posterolateral artery; SCAD, spontaneous coronary artery dissection; SD, standard deviation; STEMI, ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction; VF, ventricular fibrillation; VT, ventricular tachycardia.

Data are presented as %, mean ± SD, or median (IQR), unless otherwise noted.

^aDue to this study's focus on pregnancy‐associated SCAD, all patients included in this cohort were women.

^b11.9% of the patients in this cohort had atherosclerosis.

Documented as panic disorder.

If calculating percentages based on those imaged systematically for arteriopathies (n = 161), the percentage of FMD is 61% and EVA is 72%. EVA includes FMD but also noncoronary dilations, tortuosity, and dissection, as described elsewhere.21

^cFive patients of the 40 imaged had FMD (13%).

^dFive patients of the 24 imaged had FMD (21%).

^eOne patient had in‐hospital cardiac arrest.

^fDenominators of the coronary artery percentages are total number of patients.

^gOne patient with persistent SCAD had out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest 16 days after initial diagnosis but was successfully resuscitated.