Table 2. Results of RMANOVAs comparing mean behavior scores across three rounds of testing (PE vs. 4-WK vs. 20-WK).
| Treatment; Comparison | Behavior | Fdf | P | PE vs. 20-WK | PE vs. 4-WK | 4-WK vs. 20-WK |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C; PE vs 4-WK vs 20-WK | Gill flaring | 1.67 2,50 | 0.205 | ------ | ------ | ------ |
| LD; PE vs 4-WK vs 20-WK | Gill flaring | 12.46 2,53 | <0.001 | T = 4.79 P = <0.001 |
T = 3.61 P = 0.002 |
T = 1.18 P = 0.246 |
| HD; PE vs 4-WK vs 20-WK | Gill flaring | 26.14 2,50 | <0.001 | T = 6.51 P = <0.001 |
T = 5.99 P = <0.001 |
T = 0.52 P = 0.606 |
| C; PE vs 4-WK vs 20-WK | Fin spreading | 0.29 2,50 | 0.747 | ------ | ------ | ------ |
| LD; PE vs 4-WK vs 20-WK | Fin spreading | 2.70 2,53 | 0.082 | ------ | ------ | ------ |
| HD; PE vs 4-WK vs 20-WK | Fin spreading | 13.41 2,50 | <0.001 | T = 5.14 P = <0.001 |
T = 3.14 P = 0.007 |
T = 1.99 P = 0.055 |
| C; PE vs 4-WK vs 20-WK | Tail beats | 2.04 2,50 | 0.147 | ------ | ------ | ------ |
| LD; PE vs 4-WK vs 20-WK | Tail beats | 0.08 2,53 | 0.923 | ------ | ------ | ------ |
| HD; PE vs 4-WK vs 20-WK | Tail beats | 0.90 2,50 | 0.415 | ------ | ------ | ------ |
Results of RMANOVAs comparing each subject’s three-day mean dummy-directed behavior scores for gill flaring display duration (sec), fin spreading display duration (sec), and frequency of tail beats across three sequences of testing [pre-exposure (PE) vs. 4-weeks of metformin exposure (4-WK) vs. 20-weeks of metformin exposure (20-WK)] with associated post-hoc t-tests where applicable (all pairwise multiple comparison procedures; Holm-Sidak method). Fish in the low-dose treatment group (LD; n = 18) experienced a water borne metformin concentration of 40 μg/L. Fish in the high-dose treatment group (HD; n = 17) experienced a water borne metformin level of 80 μg/L. The control fish (C; n = 17) were never exposed to metformin.