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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 May 15.
Published in final edited form as: J Neural Eng. 2017 Jun 14;14(5):051003. doi: 10.1088/1741-2552/aa795e

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Example simulations demonstrating potential perceptual distortions and information loss for different sight recovery technologies. All images are based on the central 12° region of a movie and a 1000×1000 array (A.) Original image. (B.) Simulation of sub-retinal electrical stimulation, based on simultaneously stimulating ON and OFF pathways with no axonal stimulation. (C.) Simulation of epiretinal electrical stimulation, based on simultaneously stimulating ON and OFF pathways with axonal stimulation resulting in visual ‘comets’. (D.) One frame in a movie showing simulation of optogenetic stimulation, based on a model of simulating ON pathways with an optogenetic protein with temporal dynamics based on ReaChR (Sengupta et al. 2016). Motion streaks are the result of the sluggish temporal dynamics of ReaChR. Modified figure based on Fine and Boynton (2015).