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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 May 15.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Neurosci. 2017 Sep 18;20(11):1580–1590. doi: 10.1038/nn.4644

Figure 1. Esr1+ neurons in the VMHvl of female mice are preferentially activated during fighting and mating.

Figure 1

(a–d) left: Representative images showing the expression of Esr1 (red) and c-Fos (green) in the VMHvl of (a) a virgin or (b) a lactating female mouse that attacked a juvenile male mouse, (c) a lactating female mouse that attacked an adult male mouse and (d) a virgin female mouse that mated with an adult male. Insets show the boxed areas. Scale bars: 150 μm and 20 μm (insets). Middle: The percentage of neurons in the VMHvl that expressed c-Fos after various stimulus conditions. Unpaired t-test. Right: The percentage of Esr1+ neurons in all VMHvl neurons (gray) and the percentage of c-Fos+ neurons expressing Esr1 in the VMHvl after fighting (red) or mating (blue). Paired t-test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Data are presented as means ± s.e.m. The N for each group is indicated on the bar.. [AU Query: OK?] See Supplementary Table 2 for detailed statistics. See also Supplementary Figure 1.