Table 2.

Type I error rates (π = 1) and powers (π < 1) expressed as percentage, for various tests for publication bias due to suppressing small studies with non-significant findings (Scenario II). The nominal significance level is 10%.

Test	τ = 0 (I2 = 0%)				τ = 1 (6% ≤ I2 ≤ 50%)				τ = 4 (50% ≤ I2 ≤ 94%)
	π = 1	π = 0.2	π = 0.1	π = 0	π = 1	π = 0.2	π = 0.1	π = 0	π = 1	π = 0.2	π = 0.1	π = 0
n = 10:
Egger	10	14	22	51	11	13	19	43	13	9	10	12
Begg	7	8	13	30	5	7	12	30	5	4	5	7
T & F	11	10	11	15	11	9	10	13	5	4	5	5
TI	10	15	23	56	10	14	23	54	10	13	16	21
TI*	[9]	[19]	[29]	[61]	[11]	[19]	[28]	[59]	[9]	[15]	[18]	[25]
TS	1	1	1	5	1	1	1	5	1	1	1	3
TS*	[10]	[10]	[11]	[19]	[10]	[9]	[11]	[22]	[10]	[9]	[11]	[17]
Combined	6	9	16	48	6	8	15	46	5	7	9	14
Combined*	[10]	[15]	[23]	[58]	[10]	[14]	[22]	[55]	[8]	[10]	[14]	[21]
n = 30:
Egger	10	20	34	69	10	18	30	62	14	10	12	16
Begg	7	16	30	68	7	14	28	66	5	5	7	13
T & F	12	18	23	32	13	15	17	21	9	13	14	13
TI	10	21	36	70	10	20	33	66	10	14	18	25
TI*	[9]	[24]	[40]	[74]	[11]	[23]	[37]	[71]	[10]	[17]	[22]	[32]
TS	6	5	12	54	6	6	14	58	5	6	10	21
TS*	[10]	[10]	[18]	[59]	[10]	[10]	[21]	[64]	[10]	[11]	[17]	[31]
Combined	8	16	30	80	8	14	28	75	8	10	14	24
Combined*	[10]	[20]	[36]	[83]	[11]	[18]	[33]	[81]	[9]	[13]	[20]	[33]
n = 50:
Egger	9	26	46	82	11	24	41	78	14	12	14	20
Begg	7	21	43	85	7	19	41	84	5	5	9	19
T & F	12	17	19	21	12	14	15	13	9	12	12	10
TI	9	26	46	82	10	25	42	79	10	15	19	29
TI*	[9]	[29]	[50]	[85]	[11]	[27]	[46]	[82]	[10]	[19]	[24]	[36]
TS	7	7	20	79	7	9	24	83	7	10	18	36
TS*	[10]	[10]	[25]	[81]	[10]	[11]	[30]	[85]	[10]	[14]	[24]	[43]
Combined	8	20	41	92	9	19	39	89	8	12	18	34
Combined*	[9]	[23]	[46]	[93]	[11]	[22]	[44]	[91]	[9]	[16]	[24]	[41]

^*The results in square brackets are based on the parametric resampling method.