Table 3.

Type I error rates (m = 0) and powers (m > 0) expressed as percentage, for various tests for publication bias due to suppressing the m most negative effect sizes out of a total of n + m studies (Scenario III). The nominal significance level is 10%.

Test	τ = 0 (I2 = 0%)			τ = 1 (20% ≤ I2 ≤ 50%)			τ = 3 (70% ≤ I2 ≤ 90%)
	m = 0	⌊n=3⌋	⌊2n=3⌋	m = 0	⌊n=3⌋	⌊2n=3⌋	m = 0	⌊n=3⌋	⌊2n=3⌋
n = 10:
Egger	10	21	31	10	19	25	13	15	14
Begg	6	12	18	6	10	14	4	5	6
T & F	11	27	38	11	25	33	5	13	18
TI	10	21	31	10	18	25	10	11	13
TI*	[9]	[12]	[13]	[11]	[13]	[12]	[9]	[12]	[13]
TS	2	2	4	2	2	3	1	2	3
TS*	[10]	[13]	[17]	[10]	[13]	[16]	[10]	[14]	[16]
Combined	6	14	20	6	12	16	6	7	8
Combined*	[9]	[13]	[15]	[11]	[13]	[15]	[8]	[13]	[16]
n = 30:
Egger	10	57	77	11	44	60	14	18	20
Begg	8	46	67	7	35	54	5	12	17
T & F	13	87	97	13	81	92	9	51	63
TI	10	57	77	10	44	60	10	14	16
TI*	[10]	[38]	[46]	[12]	[33]	[39]	[10]	[13]	[17]
TS	6	25	40	6	25	39	6	26	40
TS*	[10]	[34]	[51]	[11]	[34]	[51]	[10]	[37]	[52]
Combined	8	54	76	8	43	64	8	23	35
Combined*	[10]	[42]	[56]	[12]	[39]	[53]	[9]	[30]	[44]
n = 50:
Egger	10	77	93	11	61	80	14	19	22
Begg	8	69	89	8	56	76	5	18	26
T & F	12	98	100	13	95	99	9	69	75
TI	10	77	93	11	61	80	10	16	20
TI*	[10]	[59]	[74]	[12]	[52]	[61]	[10]	[15]	[19]
TS	8	46	69	7	47	68	7	51	69
TS*	[10]	[53]	[75]	[10]	[54]	[75]	[10]	[58]	[76]
Combined	9	77	95	10	67	87	8	44	62
Combined*	[10]	[65]	[85]	[12]	[62]	[79]	[9]	[49]	[67]

^*The results in square brackets are based on the parametric resampling method.