Table 2.

Growth models for social-cognitive variables according to gender

	Boys (N=107)		Girls (N=153)		Boys vs. Girls
Variable
	6th grade Mean (95 %CI)	Change per year	6th grade Mean (95% CI)	Change per year	Initial status (p)	Change per year (p)
Amotivation	1.89	−0.085	1.74	−0.072	.215	.957
	(1.83, 1.96)	(−0.140, −0.030)	(1.62, 1.86)	(−0.106, −0.037)	.196*	.905*
External regulation	2.14	−0.043	2.13	−0.131	.143	.452
	(2.03, 2.26)	(−0.112, 0.025)	(2.04, 2.22)	(−0.176, −0.087)	.081*	.518*
Introjected regulation	2.39	0.021	2.79	−0.171	<.001	.090
	(2.22, 2.55)	(−0.34, 0.075)	(2.66, 2.91)	(−0.223, −0.120)	.001*	.323*
Identified regulation	3.47	−0.085	3.45	−0.113	.055	.005
	(3.36, 3.58)	(−0.118, − 0.052)	(3.36, 3.54)	(−0.151, −0.075)	.195*	.905*
Integrated regulation	3.24	−0.070	3.211	−0.186	.325	.429
	(3.10, 3.38)	(−0.113, −0.027)	(3.102, 3.32)	(−0.234, −0.138)	.279*	.644*
Intrinsic motivation	3.53	−0.045	3.51	−0.143	.100	.409
	(3.34,3.72)	(−0.091, 0.001)	(3.43, 3.59)	(−0.184, −0.101)	<.001*	.581*
Enjoyment goal	3.59	−0.041	3.52	−0.074	.218	.003
	(3.44, 3.74)	(−0.080, −0.003)	(3.45, 3.60)	(−0.103, −0.045)	.263*	.015*
Competence goal	3.43	−0.045	3.28	−0.074	.079	.146
	(3.34, 3.51)	(−0.069, −0.021)	(3.17, 3.39)	(−0.129, −0.018)	.161*	.207*
Fitness goal	3.66	−0.045	3.52	−0.055	.650	.902
	(3.55, 3.76)	(−0.084, −0.006)	(3.45, 3.60)	(−0.089, −0.021)	.485*	.749*
Social goal	2.73	−0.031	2.62	−0.089	.395	.996
	(2.63, 2.84)	(−0.068, 0.005)	(2.56, 2.69)	(−0.136, − 0.041)	.417*	.813*
Appearance goal	3.18	0.001	3.18	0.007	.104	.124
	(3.00, 3.37)	(−0.049, 0.052)	(3.02, 3.33)	(−0.067, 0.081)	.171*	.112*

(* indicates adjustment for race, poverty, and parent education).