Table 2.

Cause-specific hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for factors associated with first line ART failure or attrition in a competing risk analysis

Factor n = 22,257	Univariate			Multivariate
	HR	95% CI	P value	aHR	95% CI	P value
	Failure
Sex
Female	Ref			Ref
Male	1.092	1.031 – 1.156	0.003	1.100	1.034 – 1.169	0.002
Age per year	1.027	1.018 – 1.036	<0.001	0.999	0.988 – 1.009	0.788
WAZ per sd	0.945	0.931 – 0.960	<0.001	0.960	0.945 – 0.976	<0.001
CD4 count per 50 cells/µl	0.963	0.958 – 0.968	<0.001	0.960	0.954 – 0.965	<0.001
WHO per stage	1.222	1.146 – 1.304	<0.001	1.142	1.064 – 1.225	<0.001
Regimen
NNRTI	Ref			Ref
PI	1.090	0.964 – 1.232	0.169	1.482	1.284 – 1.712	<0.001
Clinic Type
Public	Ref			Ref
Academic	1.183	1.083 – 1.292	<0.001	0.990	0.866 – 1.131	0.880
Non-profit/Private	0.562	0.520 – 0.607	<0.001	0.375	0.320 – 0.440	<0.001
Clinic Location
Urban	Ref			Ref
Rural	1.235	1.061 – 1.438	0.006	1.090	0.826 – 1.113	0.318
In-between	0.868	0.818 – 0.921	<0.001	1.121	1.039 – 1.208	0.003
Clinic Type
Children only	Ref			Ref
Family Clinic	1.328	1.249 – 1.412	<0.001	0.959	0.826 – 1.113	0.580
Clinic Started Providing ART
Before 2004	Ref			Ref
2004 or after	1.091	1.029 – 1.157	0.003	0.880	0.802 – 0.965	0.007
VL Availability
None	Ref			Ref
Confirmatory	1.300	1.101 – 1.536	<0.001	1.638	1.349 – 1.989	<0.001
Routine	1.391	1.175 – 1.647	<0.001	1.078	0.878 – 1.323	0.475
	Death/Lost to Program
Sex
Female	Ref			Ref
Male	1.002	0.952 – 1.054	0.941	0.990	0.935 – 1.048	0.727
Age per year	0.987	0.979 – 0.995	0.001	0.980	0.971 – 0.989	<0.001
WAZ per sd	0.861	0.850 – 0.871	<0.001	0.893	0.880 – 0.906	<0.001
CD4 count per 50 cells/µl	0.990	0.986 – 0.994	<0.001	0.991	0.987 – 0.995	<0.001
WHO per stage	1.198	1.131 – 1.270	<0.001	1.112	1.042 – 1.186	0.001
Regimen
NNRTI	Ref			Ref
PI	1.023	0.915 – 1.144	0.689	1.008	0.868 – 1.171	0.918
Clinic Type
Public	Ref			Ref
Academic	1.061	0.960 – 1.173	0.243	0.876	0.759 – 1.011	0.071
Non-profit/Private	2.056	1.949 – 2.169	<0.001	1.431	1.264 – 1.621	<0.001
Clinic Location
Urban	Ref			Ref
Rural	0.627	0.508 – 0.773	<0.001	0.626	0.493 – 0.796	<0.001
In-between	1.520	1.442 – 1.602	<0.001	1.033	0.953 – 1.119	0.435
Clinic Type
Children only	Ref			Ref
Family Clinic	0.791	0.745 – 0.841	<0.001	0.843	0.752 – 0.944	0.003
Clinic Started Providing ART
Before 2004	Ref			Ref
2004 or after	0.684	0.647 – 0.723	<0.001	0.874	0.792 – 0.964	0.007
VL Availability
None	Ref			Ref
Confirmatory	0.691	0.625 – 0.764	<0.001	0.577	0.506 – 0.658	<0.001
Routine	0.442	0.397 – 0.492	<0.001	0.364	0.310 – 0.426	<0.001