. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: Child Abuse Negl. 2018 Mar 19;80:32–40. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.03.005

Table 2.

Direct, Indirect, and Total Effects of ACEs on Mental Health Impairment

Pathway	Direct effects	Indirect effects	Total effects
ACE → Adult adversity	0.29^*	-	0.44^*
ACE → Low income	0.20^*	-	0.20^*
ACE → Social support	−0.06^*	-	−0.06^*
ACE → MH impairment	0.21^*	0.13^*	0.34^*
ACE → Adult adversity → MH impairment	-	0.04^*	-
ACE → Social support → MH impairment	-	0.01^*	-
ACE → Low income → MH impairment	-	0.08^*	-
ACE → Low income → Adult adversity → MH impairment	-	0.01^*	-
ACE → Low income → Social support → MH impairment	-	0.01^*	-
Low income → Adult adversity	0.24^*	-	0.39^*
Low income → Social support	−0.31^*	-	−0.29^*
Low income → MH impairment	0.37^*	0.06^*	0.43^*
Low income → Adult adversity → MH impairment	-	0.03^*	-
Low income → Social support → MH impairment	-	0.03^*	-
Adult adversity → MH impairment	0.12^*	-	0.12^*
Social Support → MH impairment	−0.11^*	-	−0.11^*

Notes. ACE= Adverse childhood experience, MH=mental health

p<.001