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. 2018 May 9;9:1040. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01040

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Copyright © 2018 Zhang, Zhu, Xu, Liu, Qiu, Li, Li, He, Zhou, Bai and Zhi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Bacteroides fragilis ZY-312 activates Erk signaling and promotes proliferation in antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) rats. (A,B) Cell proliferation marker Ki67 and p-ERK1/2 were detected by immunohistochemistry in colon sections on days 11 and 17 in all groups as mentioned in Figure 5A. All images were taken at the same magnification at 40×. (C) Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 was also detected by western blot in colon tissues on day 11 in all groups as mentioned in Figure 5A.