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. 2018 May 9;9:995. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00995

Figure 2.

Figure 2

AKT–Foxo1 axis regulates interleukin (IL)-17, IL-9 induction in Th9 and Th17 cells. Fine tuning of Akt–Foxo1 axis determines the production of IL-9 in both Th9 and Th17 cells. Upon phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt inhibition, Foxo1 is induced in Th9 cells, which in turn binds to both IL-9 and IRF-4 promoter thereby contributing to optimal expression of IL-9 in Th9 cells. Unrestrained activity of Akt regulates IL-17 production by Th17 cells. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt axis suppress IL-17 while enhances IL-9 in Th17 cells leading to a switch from high IL-17 producers to high IL-9 producing Th17 cells.