Table 4.

Results of the floor and ceiling effects

	MO	SC	UA	PD	AD	‘33333’/ ‘55555’
Floor
Range of floor effects for the 3L (%)	0–3.8	0–4.9	0–10.9	0–26.1	0–7.3	0–2.7
Range of floor effects for the 5L (%)	0–3.0	0–3.7	0–6.5	0–5.7	0–2.5	0–1.8
Range of absolute reduction in floor effects (percentage points)	−0.9 to 1.7	−0.3 to 1.2	−1.7 to 6.3	0–20.4	0–4.8	0–0.9
Mean absolute reduction in floor effects (percentage points)	0.14	0.25	1.43	4.29	1.64	0.21
Number of studies reporting on floor effects	18	18	18	18	18	5
Number of studies reporting lower floor effects for the 5L than for the 3L	7	6	13	16	14	3

	MO	SC	UA	PD	AD	‘11111’
Ceiling
Range of ceiling effects for the 3L (%)	10.2–97.7	61.4–99.5	10.8–94.8	2.3–80.3	24.5–88.0	0.6–68.0
Range of ceiling effects for the 5L (%)	4.0–96.5	60.2–99.5	9.1–93.1	0.6–71.2	17.9–82.0	0–55.0
Range of absolute reduction in ceiling effects (percentage points)	−0.25 to 16.9	−1.3 to 30.0	0.8–21.3	1.5–20.0	−3.4 to 19.7	−0.5 to 16.7
Mean absolute reduction in ceiling effects (percentage points)	5.73	4.15	4.88	6.77	6.17	6.50
Number of studies reporting on ceiling effects	20	20	20	20	20	22
Number of studies reporting lower ceiling effects for the 5L than for the 3L	19	16	20	20	18	19
Number of studies reporting <15% ceiling for the 3L/5L	1/2	0/0	1/2	3/3	0/0	7/8

The absolute reduction in floor effects was calculated by subtracting the number or percentage of the reported highest level of problems/‘55555’ for the 5L by the number or percentage of the reported highest level of problems/‘33333’ for the 3L, respectively. The absolute reduction in ceiling effects was calculated by subtracting the number or percentage of reported ‘no problems’/‘11111’ for the 5L by the number or percentage of reported ‘no problems’/‘11111’ for the 3L, respectively

MO Mobility, SC Self-Care, UA Usual Activities, PD Pain/Discomfort, AD Anxiety/Depression