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. 2018 May 15;30(1):14. doi: 10.1186/s12302-018-0144-2

Table 1.

Studies combining leaching tests and bioassays

Sample type Leaching test fraction for bioassay water quality Test species and standard for bioassays Resultsa Literature source
Two PAC (waterproof layer) Column percolation
Fraction for bioassays selected according to total organic carbon content
Drinking water		 Vibrio fischeri
DIN ISO 11348-2		 No toxicity observed Wagner [63]
Desmodesmus subspicatus
DIN 38412-33		 PAC1: LID > 16
PAC2: LID > 1024
PVC/PU floor EN 12457-4
One-stage batch L/S 10 L/kg
Deionized water		 Daphnia magna
ISO 6341:1996		 EC50, 24 h = 71 g/L
EC50, 48 h = 52 g/L		 Lithner et al. [74]
HDPE, MDPE, ABS, PVC, PP water pipes Batch test 72 h, L/S 6–15 L/kg
Deionized water		 Daphnia magna
ISO 6341:1996		 No toxicity observed Lithner et al. [74]
Recycled polypropylene/wood composites EN 12457-1
One-stage batch
Deionized water		 Vibrio fischeri DF50 > 2 (i.e., 50% eluate in test samples) Sudár et al. [61]
Four anti-corrosion coatings based on epoxy resins
Coatings were cured before testing for 1 or 7 days		 Non-standardized tank test, continuous turbulence of the eluent
Ultrapure water		 Aliivibrio fischeri bioluminescence, Microtox assay Product 1: LID1 day 1282; LID7 days 171
Product 2: LID1 day < 2; LID7 days 2
Product 3: LID1 day 4; LID7 days 8
Product 4: no toxicity observed		 Vermeirssen et al. [44]
Pseudokirchnerialla subcapitata
Photosynthesis, growth rate		 Product 1: no toxicity observed
Product 2: no toxicity observed
Product 3: LID1 day 4; LID7 days 10
Product 4: no toxicity observed
Ceriodaphnia dubia
ISO/CD 20665 and AFNOR T90-376		 Product 1: LID1 day 5; LID7 days 8
Product 2: LID1 day 2; LID7 days 22
Product 3: LID1 day 10; LID7 days 67
Product 4: LID1 day 3; LID7 days 2
Organic render containing either free or encapsulated biocides (terbutryn, OIT, DCOIT) compared to render without biocides EN 16105 (intermittent water contact), eluates from 1st and 9th immersion cycle
Deionized water		 Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
Photosynthesis, growth rate		 Free: 1st: EC50 = 630 9th: EC50 = 120
Encapsulated: 1st: EC50 = 130 9th: EC50 = 30		 Burkhardt et al. [75]
Aliivibrio fischeri bioluminescence Free: 1st: EC50 = 58 9th: EC50 = 4.6
Encapsulated: 1st: EC50 = 5.0 9th: no toxicity observed
Ceriodaphnia dubia
ISO/CD 20665 and AFNOR T90-376		 Free: 1st: EC50 = 21 9th: EC50 = 7.0
Encapsulated: 1st: EC50 = 6.5 9th: no toxicity observed
Eisenia fetida
ISO 17512-1		 No toxicity observed
Folsomia fimetaria
OECD 232		 No toxicity observed
Three reactive flame-proof coatings CEN/TS 16337-2
DSLT
Fraction 1 + 2
Fraction 7
Deionized water		 Danio rerio
DIN EN ISO 15088		 No toxicity observed Heisterkamp et al. [30]
umu-Test ISO 13829 No genotoxicity observed
Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
ISO 8692		 Fraction 1 + 2: P1: LID = 16; P2: LID = 2, P3: LID = 3
Fraction 7: P1: LID = 32; P2: LID = 1, P3: LID = 8
Daphnia magna
DIN EN ISO 6341		 Fraction 7: P1: LID = 6
Other fractions: no toxicity observed
Vibrio fischeri
DIN EN ISO 11348-2		 Fraction 1 + 2: P1: LID = 24, P2 and P3 no toxicity
Fraction 7: P1: LID = 256, P2: LID = 16, P3: LID = 12
EPDM
SBR
EL		 E DIN 1957/DIN 19529
Batch test L/S = 2 L/kg
Ultrapure water		 Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata ISO 8692 EPDM, SBR, EL: LID = 33 Krüger et al. [62]
Daphnia magna ISO 6341 EPDM: LID > 243; SBR: LID = 27; El: LID > 28
Four complete artificial turf systems DIN 19528 column percolation test
Ultrapure water		 Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata ISO 8692 P1 and P3: LID = 10
P2 and P4: LID = 3		 Krüger et al. [62]
Daphnia magna
ISO 6341		 P1 and P4: LID = 9
P2: LID = 27
P3: no toxicity observed

PAC polyacrylate, PVC polyvinyl chloride, PU polyurethane, HDPE high-density polyethylene, MDPE medium-density polyethylene, ABS acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, PP polypropylene, OIT 2-octyl-3(2H)-isothiazolinone, DCOIT 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolino-3-one, EPDM ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, SBR styrene butadiene rubber, EL elastic layer

aEC50 concentration, that causes 50% effect, LID lowest ineffective dilution, DF50 eluate dilution that causes 50% effect eluate is diluted to obtain dose response curves, DF50 is derived from this curve