Table 3.
Summary of brain regions showing significant differences between the DEL and No-DEL groups in gray matter density, fractional anisotropy, and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation.
| Region | DEL group | No-DEL group | MNI coordinates | Volume | Zmax | Cohen’s d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | x, y, z | cc | |||
| Gray matter density | ||||||
| DEL > No-DEL | ||||||
| No significant results | ||||||
| DEL < No-DEL | ||||||
| R. DMPFC/pre-SMA | 0.376 (0.048) | 0.422 (0.067) | 8, 20, 53 | 4.51 | 4.48 | 0.81 |
| R. PCC | 0.383 (0.051) | 0.422 (0.055) | 10, −34, 39 | 2.47 | 4.73 | 0.75 |
| L. Paracentral lobule | 0.306 (0.047) | 0.349 (0.061) | −2, −23, 67 | 2.36 | 4.47 | 0.82 |
| L. Middle temporal gyrus | 0.391 (0.065) | 0.441 (0.052) | −55, −23, −16 | 11.27 | 5.59 | 0.81 |
| R. Inferior temporal gyrus | 0.395 (0.052) | 0.442 (0.058) | 48, 5, −36 | 9.50 | 5.24 | 0.82 |
| L. Hippocampus | 0.358 (0.069) | 0.397 (0.057) | −37, −19, −17 | 1.88 | 4.58 | 0.57 |
| L. Caudate | 0.292 (0.046) | 0.335 (0.040) | −14, 9, 13 | 4.79 | 5.42 | 0.98 |
| L. Suprachiasmatic nucleus | −8, 0, −16 | 4.61 | ||||
| R. Suprachiasmatic nucleus | 11, −1, −15 | 4.58 | ||||
| L. Cerebellum | 0.433 (0.048) | 0.478 (0.083) | −42, −71, −54 | 2.43 | 4.31 | 0.61 |
| L. Cerebellum | 0.483 (0.056) | 0.525 (0.068) | −23, −44, −29 | 2.65 | 3.89 | 0.63 |
| R. Cerebellum | 0.431 (0.056) | 0.459 (0.053) | 20, −41, −29 | 2.84 | 3.93 | 0.48 |
| Fractional anisotropy | ||||||
| DEL > No-DEL | ||||||
| No significant results | ||||||
| DEL < No-DEL | ||||||
| R. External capsule | 0.218 (0.035) | 0.244 (0.028) | 33, 14, −3 | 2.35 | 4.76 | 0.82 |
| Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation | ||||||
| DEL > No-DEL | ||||||
| R. DLPFC | 1.880 (0.462) | 1.389 (0.291) | 24, 38, 26 | 1.31 | 4.90 | 1.27 |
| DEL < No-DEL | ||||||
| No significant results | ||||||
Abbreviations: cc, cubic centimeters; DEL group, participants who developed postoperative delirium; DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; DMPFC, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex; SD, standard deviation; MNI, Montreal Neurological Institute; No-DEL group, participants who did not develop postoperative delirium; SMA, supplementary motor area; Zmax, maximum z-value within a cluster.