Figure 7.

Cell protrusion and migration are affected by vinculin force-sensitive dynamics. (A) Representative cell outlines were generated every 3 min for 30 min on Vinc −/− MEFs stably expressing VinTS variants and transiently expressing mCherry-LifeAct. Scale bars, 10 μm. (B) The box-whisker plot indicates average area change per 1-min time step for each cell line (n =16, 16, and 16 cells, respectively, from three independent experiments). (C) Sample trajectories are given of cells expressing VinTS constructs migrating in two dimensions. (D) Box-whisker plots are given of random cell migration speed in two dimensions (n = 101, 48, and 45 cells, respectively, from three independent experiments). (E) Representative fields of view are shown of migrated cells from a Boyden chamber haptotaxis assay. Hoechst 33342 staining (blue) identifies the nucleus; phalloidin staining (red) identifies the cytoskeleton. (F) Box-whisker plots are shown of a number of cells per field of view in a Boyden chamber haptotaxis migration assay (n = 4 per group from three independent experiments). Differences between groups were detected using Tukey’s HSD test (^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01). To see this figure in color, go online.