Table 1.
Biological (a) and clinical (b) characteristics of the participants at enrolment. (c) MRI of the participants at enrolment. Values given are either median (minimum to maximum values) or n (%).
| Phototherapy (n = 10) | Controls (n = 10) | |
|---|---|---|
|
(a)
| ||
| Age | 40.0 (27.3 to 48.5) | 34.8 (23.4 to 54.3) |
| Female sex | 4 (40%) | 8 (80%) |
| CIS duration (days since diagnostic MRI) | 34.0 (26 to 119) | 37.5 (–1 to 91) |
| EDSS | 1.75 (0 to 3) | 1.0 (0 to 2) |
| BMI | 25.8 (22.3 to 31.2) n = 7 |
27.4 (23.1 to 37.8) n = 6 |
| Smoking status | ||
| Never | 7 (70%) | 8 (80%) |
| Past | 2 (20%) | 1 (10%) |
| Current | 1 (10%) | 1 (10%) |
| HLA status: | ||
| HLA-DRB1*15:01 | 4 (40%) | 6 (60%) |
| HLA-DRB1*03:01 | 2 (20%) | 2 (20%) |
| HLA-DRB1*08:01 | 2 (20%) | 0 (0%) |
| Season at enrolment: | ||
| Summer | 1 (10%) | 3 (30%) |
| Autumn | 5 (50%) | 2 (20%) |
| Winter | 3 (30%) | 4 (40%) |
| Spring | 1 (10%) | 1 (10%) |
| Serum 25(OH)D3 level (nmol/l) | 92.5 (43.7 to 135.6) | 75.8 (57.6 to 133.6) |
| Steroid treatment for CIS before enrolment: | ||
| Yes | 2 (20%) | 4 (40%) |
| No | 8 (80%) | 6 (60%) |
| EBV serology: | ||
| EBNA IgG | 588 (3a to 600a) | 526 (3a to 600a) |
| VCA IgG | 289 (73.8 to 750b) | 310 (178 to 750b) |
| VCA IgM | 10c (10 to 18.4) | 10.25 (10c to 25.4) |
| Skin cast measuring actinic damage | 2 (1 to 3) | 2 (1 to 5) |
| Fatigue Severity Score at enrolment (Scale 1–7) | 3.67 (2.11 to 6.00), n = 8 with data available |
3.23 (1.78 to 5.44), n = 8 with data available |
| SF-36v2 mental composite score at enrolment | 49.9 (36.5 to 60.0), n = 8 | 55.6 (31.3 to 58.6), n = 9 |
| SF-36v2 physical composite score at enrolment | 57.3 (46.9 to 62.6), n = 8 | 56.6 (49.9 to 61.1), n = 9 |
| (b) Clinical symptoms | ||
| Optic neuritis | 6 | 7 |
| Hemispheric | 0 | 2 |
| Transverse myelitis | 3 | 1 |
| Brainstem (transient diplopia) | 1 | 0 |
| (c) MRI of participants at enrolment | ||
| Number of T2 lesionsCerebral MRI | ||
| 4–9 | 2 | 2 |
| >9 | 8 | 8 |
| Spinal cord MRI | Phototherapy (n = 7)d | Controls (n = 8)d |
| ≥1 | 5 | 5 |
aDetection limits of assay 3 − 600.
bDetection limits of assay 10 − 750.
cLower limit of assay 10.
25(OH)D3: 25-hydroxyvitamin D3; BMI: body mass index; CIS: clinically isolated syndrome; EBNA: Epstein–Barr virus nuclear antigen-1; EBV: Epstein–Barr virus; EDSS: Expanded Disability Status Scale; HLA: human leucocyte antigen; Ig: immunoglobulin; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; MS: multiple sclerosis; SF-36v2: Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36, version 2; UVB: ultraviolet B; VCA: viral capsid antigen.
dSpinal cord magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) not performed in three Phototherapy patients and two Controls.