Table 7.

Summary of validation research published in the past decade

Authors	Ingredients	BW, kg	Methods	Experimental designa	Conclusion
Wu et al. (2007) [28]	Tallow	23–98	Caloric efficiency	Keep the NE to SID Lys ratio constant	The NE efficiency was not influenced by fat level, but DE and ME efficiency decreased
Eastwood et al. (2009) [51]	Flaxseed meal	32–115	Gain to feed ratio	Keep NE and SID Lys constant	The NE of flaxseed meal was correctly estimated
Montoya et al. (2010) [46]	Canola meal and full-fat canola seeds	30–60	Gain to feed ratio	Keep NE and SID Lys constant	The NE of canola meal was correctly estimated, but slightly underestimated for full fat canola seed.
Adeola et al. (2013) [47]	Soybean oil and tallow	6–25	Caloric efficiency	Keep the ME to SID Lys ratio constant	The NE of soybean oil from the 2012 NRC was accurate. NE of tallow were underestimated
De Jong et al. (2014) [48]	Wheat middlings	Nursery pigs	Caloric efficiency	Keep the SID Lys constant and isocaloric	The INRA NE of wheat midds appears to be a more accurate energy value than the ME obtained from the NRC
Graham et al. (2014) [39]	Medium-oil corn DDGS	69–126	Caloric efficiency	Keep the SID Lys constant and isocaloric	The NE of corn DDGS was accurate
Nitikanchana et al. (2015) [49]	Medium-oil corn DDGS and fat	57–124	Caloric efficiency	Keep the SID Lys constant and isocaloric	The NE of corn DDGS was overestimated and fat was underestimated
Wu et al. (2016) [52]	4 corn DDGS sources	22–115	NRC growth model; prediction error and bias	Keep NE to SID Lys ratio similar	The NE predicted by a commercial service resulted in suboptimal prediction of NE among corn DDGS sources
Li et al. (2017) [12] (MAFIC work)	Corn, SBM, rapeseed meal	36	Caloric efficiency	Keep NE to SID Lys ratio similar	The NE measured was correctly estimated

^aDE: Digestiable energy; ME: Metabolizable energy; NE: Net energy; SID Lys: Standardized ileal digestible lysine