Table 1.

TLR-associated immunotherapy approaches for HNSCC treatment.

Number in Figure 4	Therapy	Therapy approach	Stage	Clinical trial identifier	Reference
1, 2	Imiquimod + poly(I:C)	TLR7 agonist + TLR3 agonist	In vitro/in vivo	—	Klein et al. [35]
2	Poly(I:C)	TLR3 agonist + tremelimumab + durvalumab	Phase I/II	NCT02643303	No study was reported yet.
3	VTX-2337	TLR8 agonist	Phase I	NCT00688415	Dietsch et al. [37]
		TLR8 agonist + cetuximab	Phase I/II	NCT01334177	Stephenson et al. (2013) and Chow et al. [36]
		TLR8 agonist + cisplatin or +carboplatin/fluorouracil/cetuximab	Phase II	NCT01836029	No study was reported yet.
4	OK-432 (Picibanil)	TLR4 agonist	Phase I	NCT01149902	Galluzzi et al. [30]
5	ISA201	TLR2 agonist + 2 HPV16 E6 peptides	Phase I	NCT02821494	Bann et al. [38]
6	EMD 1201081	TLR9 agonist which was tested with cetuximab	Phase II	NCT01040832	Ruzsa et al. [39]
		TLR9 agonist + fluorouracil + cisplatin + cetuximab	Phase I	NCT01360827	No study was reported yet.
7	CBLB502 (entolimod)	TLR5 agonist	Phase I	NCT01728480	Toshkov et al. [40]