Figure 4.

RAW 264.7 cells alone (a) and RAW 264.7 cells cultured with 10 μg/mL C₂S, 100 μg/mL C₂S, 10 μg/mL TCP, 100 μg/mL TCP, or 0.64% phenol solution (b, c, d, e, and f). Approximately 14.7% of the RAW 264.7 cells underwent apoptosis in the control group; approximately 14.3% and 20.9% of the cells underwent apoptosis in the 10 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL C₂S particle groups, respectively; approximately 16.4% and 18.6% of the cells underwent apoptosis in the 10 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL of TCP groups, respectively. When the material concentrations were increased tenfold, no obvious apoptosis changes were observed. No significant difference was found amongst these groups (g) except for in the positive control group (44.7% cells underwent apoptosis compared with the control group, P < 0.01). All values are represented as the mean ± SD of triplicate experiments.