Table 2.
Unadjusted and adjusted relative risk of stroke/TIA associated with demographics, vascular and HIV-related factors in the ALLRT cohort and its parent trials
| Unadjusted model | Age-adjusted | Model 11 | Model 22 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P-value | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P-value | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P-value | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P-value | |
|
| ||||||||
| Female sex | 2.07 (1.17-3.63) | 0.01 | 1.72 (0.96-3.09) | 0.07 | 1.94 (1.03-3.66)3 | 0.04 | 1.96 (1.04-3.67)3 | 0.04 |
|
| ||||||||
| Current age (per 10 year increase) | 2.43 (2.03-2.91) | <0.001 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| For women | 1.80 (1.35-2.40) | <0.001 | — | — | 1.49 (1.07-2.09) | 0.02 | 1.47 (1.04-2.08) | 0.03 |
| For men | 2.73 (2.19-3.41) | <0.001 | — | — | 2.44 (1.88-3.17) | <0.001 | 2.35 (1.79-3.10) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||||||
| Race/ethnicity (vs Non-Hispanic Black) | ||||||||
| Hispanic + other | 0.31 (0.13-0.74) | 0.009 | 0.34 (0.14-0.82) | 0.02 | 0.44 (0.18-1.09) | 0.08 | 0.45 (0.18-1.09) | 0.08 |
| Non-Hispanic White | 0.62 (0.35-1.09) | 0.1 | 0.60 (0.34-1.05) | 0.08 | 0.87 (0.46-1.64) | 0.7 | 0.90 (0.47-1.72) | 0.7 |
|
| ||||||||
| Hypertension | 5.22 (3.03-9.02) | <0.001 | 3.67 (2.06-6.56) | <0.001 | 3.64 (2.04-6.48) | <0.001 | 3.51 (1.98-6.22) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||||||
| LDL≥160 mg/dL | 2.74 (1.34-5.63) | 0.006 | 2.29 (1.11-4.75) | 0.03 | 2.41 (1.13-5.12) | 0.02 | 2.47 (1.15-5.31) | 0.02 |
|
| ||||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 3.01 (1.42-6.36) | 0.004 | 1.50 (0.68-3.30) | 0.3 | — | — | 1.57 (0.69-3.57) | 0.3 |
|
| ||||||||
| Myocardial infarction | 1.32 (0.18-9.62) | 0.8 | 0.54 (0.07-4.12) | 0.6 | — | — | — | — |
|
| ||||||||
| Renal dysfunction | 4.79 (2.61-8.79) | <0.001 | 2.05 (1.03-4.10) | 0.04 | 1.90 (0.98-3.69) | 0.06 | 1.93 (1.00-3.74) | 0.05 |
|
| ||||||||
| Statin use prior 12 months | 2.17 (1.13-4.17) | 0.02 | 1.20 (0.60-2.39) | 0.6 | — | — | — | — |
|
| ||||||||
| Current/prior smoker (vs. never) | 2.03 (1.08-3.82) | 0.03 | 1.74 (0.93-3.25) | 0.08 | — | — | 1.53 (0.83-2.84) | 0.2 |
|
| ||||||||
| Current/prior injection drug use (vs. never) | 1.22 (0.49-3.04) | 0.7 | 1.08 (0.43-2.70) | 0.9 | — | — | — | — |
|
| ||||||||
| HCV infection | 1.86 (0.84-4.12) | 0.1 | 1.37 (0.62-3.03) | 0.4 | — | — | — | — |
|
| ||||||||
| Overweight/ obese BMI (vs. underweight/ normal BMI) | 0.60 (0.35-1.03) | 0.06 | 0.54 (0.31-0.92) | 0.02 | 0.43 (0.25-0.74) | 0.002 | 0.43 (0.25-0.75) | 0.003 |
|
| ||||||||
| Waist circum-ference >102 cm for men, >88 cm for women | 1.48 (0.80-2.77) | 0.2 | 1.11 (0.58-2.10) | 0.8 | — | — | — | — |
|
| ||||||||
| Waist to hip ratio ≥0.90 for men, ≥0.85 for women | 1.78 (0.78-4.03) | 0.2 | 1.08 (0.46-2.52) | 0.9 | — | — | — | — |
|
| ||||||||
| Baseline CD4 count <200 cells/mm3 (vs. ≧ 200 cells/mm3) | 1.34 (0.79-2.29) | 0.3 | 1.16 (0.68-1.98) | 0.6 | — | — | — | — |
|
| ||||||||
| Time-varying CD4 count <200 cells/mm3 (vs. ≧ 200 cells/mm3) | 2.22 (1.14-4.30) | 0.02 | 2.42 (1.24-4.74) | 0.01 | — | — | — | — |
|
| ||||||||
| Baseline log10 HIV RNA (per 1 log10 increase) | 0.78 (0.54-1.14) | 0.2 | 0.71 (0.48-1.05) | 0.08 | — | — | — | — |
|
| ||||||||
| Time-varying HIV RNA >200 copies/mL (vs. ≦ 200 copies/mL) | 2.33 (1.30-4.18) | 0.005 | 3.11 (1.71-5.64) | <0.001 | 2.23 (1.19-4.16) | 0.01 | 2.19 (1.16-4.10) | 0.01 |
|
| ||||||||
| Time-varying CD4:CD8 ratio ≥0.32 (vs. <0.32) | 0.42 (0.24-0.73) | 0.002 | 0.39 (0.22-0.69) | 0.001 | 0.49 (0.27-0.87) | 0.01 | 0.49 (0.27-0.88) | 0.02 |
|
| ||||||||
| PI use prior 12 months | 1.71 (0.98-2.97) | 0.06 | 1.80 (1.03-3.14) | 0.04 | — | — | — | — |
|
| ||||||||
| NRTI use prior 12 months | 0.39 (0.18-0.87) | 0.02 | 0.46 (0.20-1.04) | 0.06 | — | — | — | — |
|
| ||||||||
| NNRTI use prior 12 months | 0.85 (0.50-1.45) | 0.6 | 0.76 (0.45-1.30) | 0.3 | — | — | — | — |
|
| ||||||||
| Integrase inhibitor use prior 12 months | 1.47 (0.63-3.44) | 0.4 | 1.46 (0.62-3.42) | 0.4 | — | — | — | — |
|
| ||||||||
| Atazanavir use prior 12 months | 1.14 (0.61-2.13) | 0.7 | 1.22 (0.66-2.28) | 0.5 | — | — | — | — |
|
| ||||||||
| Abacavir use prior 12 months | 1.16 (0.63-2.13) | 0.6 | 1.14 (0.62-2.10) | 0.7 | — | — | — | — |
Abbreviations: LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HCV, hepatitis C virus; BMI, body mass index; PI, protease inhibitor; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
1
Model 1 adjusted for all variables shown in the column and age-by-sex interaction (p=0.01)
2
Model 2 adjusted for all variables in Model 1, including age-by-sex interaction (p=0.02), diabetes mellitus and smoking
3
Relative risk shown for female sex in Models 1 and 2 is at 50 years of age