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. 2018 Apr 24;9(31):22158–22183. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.25243

Figure 2. ABL kinase inhibitors affect invadopodium precursor formation and maturation in breast cancer cells.

Figure 2

(A) Viability and proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells in presence of imatinib (black), nilotinib (red), GNF-5 (green), or DMSO as control (blue) was measured every 24 hours for 72 hours total using the XTT reagent. n = 3 independent experiments, each experiment was performed in triplicates. (B) MDA-MB-231 cells were pre-treated overnight with 10 μM imatinib, nilotinib, GNF-5, or DMSO as control and then plated on Alexa 405 gelatin, fixed, and labeled for cortactin (red) and Tks5 (green). Boxed regions and insets depict co-localization of cortactin and Tks5 as markers of invadopodia precursors, with Alexa 405 gelatin as a marker of mature invadopodia. Bar, 5 μm. (C–D) Quantification of invadopodium precursors (C), defined by co-localization of cortactin and Tks5, and mature (active) invadopodia (D), defined by co-localization of cortactin and Tks5 with degradation regions. n = 61 (DMSO), n = 35 (imatinib), n = 30 (nilotinib), n = 45 (GNF-5) cells from three independent experiments. *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001 as determined by Student’s t test. Error bars indicate SEM.