Figure 5.

Tpk2 is involved in flocculation and biofilm formation. (A) Tpk2 is required for flocculation. Cells were grown overnight in SC medium containing 10 mM GlcNAc at 30°C (except the tpk1/tpk1 tpk2/tpk2 mutant, which was grown 2 days in YPD, washed twice with dH₂O, transferred to SC medium containing 10 mM GlcNAc and incubated at 30°C overnight). The cells were then vortexed, centrifuged at 500 rpm for 1 min, and photographed. (B) Tpk2 is critical for biofilm formation. Cells were grown in YPD medium overnight at 30°C (except tpk1/tpk1 tpk2/tpk2 mutant, which was grown for two days), washed twice with dH₂O, and diluted to 0.5 OD₆₀₀ in SC medium. Then, 2 mL of each sample were inoculated into a 12-well plate for 90 min at 37°C and 200 rpm. The wells were then washed twice with PBS buffer, inoculated with 2 mL of fresh SC medium, and incubated for 24 h at 37°C and 200 rpm. The wells were then washed twice with PBS, stained with 0.05% crystal violet, and photographed.