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. 2017 Oct 5;9(1):294–305. doi: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1365217

Table 1.

Characteristics During Study Period.

A. Changes over 24 Months in HIV-infected Subjects
Median (Q1, Q3) All Subjects (N = 68) P° Supplementation Dose* (N = 42) P° Standard Dose** (N = 26) P° P†
Clinical and Laboratory Variables
BMI, kg/m2 +1.1 (+0.1, +2.3) <0.0001 +1.0 (-0.2, +2.9) 0.0001 +1.4 (+0.6, +1.9) <0.0001 0.82
Waist-to-hip ratio +0.01 (-0.04, +0.04) 0.80 +0.01 (-0.03, +0.05) 0.49 −0.00 (-0.06, +0.03) 0.53 0.43
CD4 count, cells/mm3 +42 (-85, +159) 0.07 +57 (-77, +186) 0.07 +24 (-85, +158) 0.29 0.49
Systolic BP, mmHg +4 (-5, +9) 0.12 +4 (-5, +10) 0.16 +3 (-5, +5) 0.39 0.60
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL −6 (-19, +3) 0.003 −8 (-19, -1) 0.01 −5 (-18, +3) 0.12 0.57
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL +2 (-4, +6) 0.35 0 (-4, +5) 1.00 +4 (-1, +7) 0.16 0.17
Triglycerides, mg/dL +2.5 (-20, +19) 0.95 +8 (-26, +21) 0.79 −1 (-16, +17) 0.74 0.63
HOMA-IR −0.01 (-0.89, +0.96) 0.64 +0.13 (-0.75, +1.56) 0.43 −0.06 (-1.27, +0.73) 0.80 0.42
25(OH)D, ng/mL +18 (+9, +25) <0.0001 +23 (+13, +33) <0.0001 +3 (-4.5, +5.0) <0.0001 0.004
Carotid IMT
CCA IMT, mm −0.01 (-0.06, +0.02) (N = 67) 0.06 −0.01 (-0.05, +0.02) (N = 42) 0.44 −0.02 (-0.08, +0.02) (N = 25) 0.06 0.26
Bulb IMT, mm −0.06 (-0.21, +0.02) (N = 53) 0.0006 −0.03 (-0.13, +0.04) (N = 35) 0.11 −0.19 (-0.27, -0.03) (N = 18) 0.0008 0.01
ICA IMT, mm −0.04 (-0.17, +0.04) (N = 40) 0.10 −0.03 (-0.06, +0.03) (N = 26) 0.30 −0.09 (-0.19, +0.04) (N = 14) 0.15 0.34
B. Changes over 24 Months in Healthy Uninfected Subjects
Median (Q1, Q3) All Subjects (N = 54) P° Supplementation Dose*(N = 33) P° Standard Dose** (N = 21) P° P† P‡
Clinical and Laboratory Variables
BMI, kg/m2 +1.4 (+0.0, +2.78) <0.0001 +1.4 (+0.0, +2.8) 0.001 +1.5 (+0.0, +2.8) 0.01 0.79 0.95
Waist-to-hip ratio +0.00 (-0.01, +0.03) 0.44 +0.00 (-0.01, +0.03) 0.70 +0.00 (-0.02, +0.02) 0.48 0.83 0.96
Systolic BP, mmHg +6 (+2, +15) <0.0001 +7 (+2, +14) <0.0001 +6 (+1, +15) 0.005 0.70 0.01
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL −2 (-19, +6) 0.15 −7 (-20, +1) 0.06 +0 (-12, +14) 0.90 0.13 0.43
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL −2 (-5, +6) 0.44 −2 (-4, +6) 0.96 +0 (-7, +3) 0.35 0.51 0.23
Triglycerides, mg/dL +0.(-12, +22) 0.38 +8 (-7, +27) 0.09 −4 (-15, +9) 0.46 0.06 0.61
HOMA-IR +0.12 (-0.88, +1.27) 0.71 +0.33 (-0.97, +1.36) 0.73 +0.11 (-0.50, +0.52) 0.78 0.78 0.96
25(OH)D, ng/mL +14 (+4, +23) <0.0001 +21 (+12, +32) <0.0001 +4 (+0, +12) 0.0003 <0.0001 0.17
Carotid IMT
CCA IMT, mm −0.01 (-0.07, +0.02) (N = 52) 0.07 −0.01 (-0.07, +0.02) (N = 32) 0.22 −0.02 (-0.06, +0.02) (N = 20) 0.14 0.69 0.82
Bulb IMT, mm −0.03 (-0.13, +0.04) (N = 44) 0.06 −0.03 (-0.12, +0.06) (N = 28) 0.33 −0.03 (-0.16, +0.04) (N = 16) 0.08 0.71 0.23
ICA IMT, mm −0.03 (-0.15, +0.07) (N = 33) 0.07 −0.05 (-0.15, +0.07) (N = 20) 0.22 −0.02 (-0.22, +0.07) (N = 13) 0.27 0.88 0.97
C. Variables at 24 Months in HIV-infected Subjects
Median (Q1, Q3)
 All Subjects (N = 68)
 Supplementation Dose* (N = 42)
 Standard Dose** (N = 26)
 P†
25(OH)D, ng/mL 37 (28, 44) 41 (31, 46) 32 (25, 38) 0.006
CCA IMT, mm 0.55 (0.51, 0.58) 0.56 (0.51, 0.58) 0.54 (0.49, 0.57) 0.39
Bulb IMT, mm 0.54 (0.47, 0.58) 0.55 (0.50, 0.60) 0.48 0.43, 0.56) 0.02
ICA IMT, mm 0.50 (0.39, 0.57) 0.51 (0.39, 0.57) 0.50 (0.40, 0.57) 0.98
D. Variables at 24 Months in Healthy Uninfected Subjects
Median (Q1, Q3)
 All Subjects (N = 54)
 Supplementation Dose* (N = 33)
 Standard Dose** (N = 21)
 P†
 ‡P ‡
25(OH)D, ng/mL 30 (23, 39) 38 (29, 51) 24 (20, 30) 0.0005 0.046
CCA IMT, mm 0.54 (0.51, 0.57) 0.55 (0.48, 0.58) 0.53 (0.51, 0.55) 0.36 0.17
Bulb IMT, mm 0.54 (0.42, 0.58) 0.39 (0.20, 0.54) 0.53 (0.43, 0.56) 0.49 0.52
ICA IMT, mm 0.49 (0.32, 0.54) 0.44 (0.32, 0.54) 0.50 (0.28, 0.54) 0.91 0.14

Notes.

*

Supplementation dose = 60,000 IU/month (moderate dose) or 120,000 IU/month (high dose);

**

Standard dose = 18,000 IU/month (control dose)

°

P value for changes within group;

†

P value for differences in changes between the 2 dosing arms;

‡

P value for differences in changes between combined HIV+ and combined healthy uninfected subjects; Q, quartile; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; IMT, intima-media thickness; CCA, common carotid artery; ICA, internal carotid artery