Table 2. Validity task accuracy measures across channel, modality, and intensity.
| Channel | Modality | Intensity | N | Mean (SD) Proportion correct | Mean (SD) Unbiased hit rate | Mean (SD) Intensity | Mean (SD) Genu. | Kappa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Speech | AV | Normal | 768 | 0.77 (0.23) | 0.57 (0.17) | 3.44 (0.51) | 3.47 (0.44) | 0.62 |
| Strong | 672 | 0.83 (0.19) | 0.62 (0.15) | 4.01 (0.56) | 3.56 (0.56) | 0.71 | ||
| VO | Normal | 768 | 0.70 (0.25) | 0.52 (0.19) | 3.40 (0.54) | 3.42 (0.46) | 0.53 | |
| Strong | 672 | 0.75 (0.25) | 0.56 (0.19) | 3.88 (0.60) | 3.55 (0.48) | 0.62 | ||
| AO | Normal | 758 | 0.58 (0.30) | 0.43 (0.22) | 3.14 (0.42) | 3.12 (0.41) | 0.41 | |
| Strong | 672 | 0.67 (0.27) | 0.50 (0.21) | 3.71 (0.62) | 3.51 (0.46) | 0.52 | ||
| Song | AV | Normal | 552 | 0.77 (0.23) | 0.57 (0.19) | 3.37 (0.49) | 3.33 (0.48) | 0.61 |
| Strong | 460 | 0.84 (0.20) | 0.63 (0.18) | 3.91 (0.58) | 3.46 (0.51) | 0.72 | ||
| VO | Normal | 552 | 0.75 (0.25) | 0.55 (0.21) | 3.41 (0.53) | 3.36 (0.46) | 0.61 | |
| Strong | 460 | 0.79 (0.23) | 0.59 (0.20) | 3.89 (0.61) | 3.54 (0.51) | 0.67 | ||
| AO | Normal | 552 | 0.53 (0.28) | 0.39 (0.21) | 3.13 (0.39) | 3.24 (0.37) | 0.31 | |
| Strong | 460 | 0.62 (0.28) | 0.47 (0.23) | 3.55 (0.57) | 3.37 (0.40) | 0.44 |
Description of validity ratings for spoken and sung expressions, across channel, modality, and emotional intensity (N = 247 participants, each rating 298 stimuli). AV = audio-video; VO = video only; AO = audio only. As neutral had no intensity manipulation, neutral scores were collapsed into the ‘normal’ intensity category.