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. 2018 May 16;13(5):e0196683. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196683

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© 2018 Falk et al

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Fig 5 — The resistance for the revised Pumani system was comparable to an uncut endotracheal tube size 3. The resistance was reduced as parts of the Pumani tubing were disconnected. Removing the bottle and attached tubing have small effects on resistance (curves cutpoint 1 to 3 close to identical, Fig 2). A main component in the resistance was from the driver (driver removed in cutpoint 4 to 6, Fig 2) but all connectors (to the prongs) had to be removed before resistance was lower than for the two conventional bubble CPAP systems. The resistance was measured without CPAP (no submersion or fresh gas flow). Negative flows correspond to patient inspiration.