Table 2.
Predictors of cardiac rehabilitation initiation and number of sessions attended amongst Medicare beneficiaries receiving ventricular assist devices in 2014 (N=1164).
| Characteristic | Proportion of patients initiating CR, % | Participation in a CR program | CR sessions amongst participants, Mean ± SD | Change in sessions attended* | 95% CI | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio* | 95% CI | p-value | ||||||
| All | 30% | 24.5 ± 15.0 | ||||||
| Demographic | ||||||||
| Age (5 year increase) | n/a | 1.06 | 0.99, 1.13 | 0.10 | n/a | 1.6 | 0.7, 2.5 | <0.001 |
| Sex | -- | -- | 0.45 | -- | -- | 0.34 | ||
| Female | 27% | -- | Referent | -- | 24.3 ± 15.5 | -2.2 | −.5, 2.0 | -- |
| Male | 31% | 1.14 | 0.81, 1.61 | -- | 25.1 ± 12.7 | -- | Referent | -- |
| Race | -- | -- | 0.13 | -- | -- | 0.96 | ||
| Black | 29% | 1.05 | 0.73, 1.50 | -- | 22.2 ± 13.9 | 1.2 | −.3, 5.8 | -- |
| Other | 18% | 0.52 | 0.27, 1.003 | -- | 22.4 ± 12.2 | 1.7 | −.1, 10.6 | -- |
| White | 31% | -- | Referent | -- | 25.3 ± 15.4 | -- | Referent | -- |
| Median county income (per $10,000 increase) | n/a | 1.07 | 0.97, 1.17 | 0.17 | n/a | 0.29 | −.8, 1.4 | 0.57 |
| Census Region | -- | -- | <0.05 | -- | -- | 0.31 | ||
| Midwest | 38% | 1.59 | 1.16, 2.18 | -- | 25.0 ± 13.5 | 0.7 | −.9, 4.4 | -- |
| Northeast | 25% | 0.88 | 0.59, 1.31 | -- | 27.1 ± 14.4 | 2.1 | −.1, 7.3 | -- |
| West | 32% | 1.18 | 0.76, 1.82 | -- | 21.8 ± 12.5 | −3.4 | −8.6, 1.8 | -- |
| South | 27% | -- | Referent | -- | 24.0 ± 17.1 | -- | Referent | -- |
| Clinical | ||||||||
| Length of stay (5 day increase) | n/a | 0.97 | 0.94, 1.01 | 0.10 | n/a | −0.5 | −0.9, −0.1 | <0.05 |
| Discharged to IRF or SNF | 33% | 1.25 | 0.93, 1.68 | 0.15 | 25.1 ± 13.9 | −1.2 | −4.7, 2.3 | 0.41 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||||
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 31% | 0.92 | 0.60, 1.40 | 0.69 | 24.6 ± 14.7 | 0.7 | −4.7, 6.1 | 0.86 |
| Depression | 28% | 0.87 | 0.65, 1.17 | 0.35 | 24.0 ± 14.7 | −0.6 | −4.1, 3.0 | 0.75 |
| Diabetes | 29% | 0.89 | 0.68, 1.17 | 0.41 | 22.6 ± 14.2 | −3.2 | −6.4, 0.06 | <0.05 |
| Hypertension | 30% | 0.95 | 0.63, 1.43 | 0.80 | 24.6 ± 15.3 | 3.7 | −1.4, 8.7 | 0.86 |
| Hypothyroidism | 30% | 0.95 | 0.70, 1.30 | 0.76 | 24.3 ± 11.7 | −1.3 | −5.2, 2.6 | 0.52 |
| Liver disease | 27% | 0.96 | 0.69, 1.34 | 0.81 | 24.2 ± 15.6 | 1.8 | −2.4, 5.9 | 0.38 |
| Obesity | 32% | 1.28 | 0.95, 1.71 | 0.10 | 21.6 ± 14.3 | −1.2 | −4.9, 2.6 | 0.48 |
| Other neurological disorders | 24% | 0.71 | 0.47, 1.08 | 0.11 | 23.6 ± 14.7 | −0.2 | −5.6, 5.1 | 0.92 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 27% | 0.80 | 0.56, 1.13 | 0.20 | 27.2 ± 15.2 | 3.5 | −0.7, 7.8 | 0.24 |
| Pulmonary circulation disorders | 32% | 1.23 | 0.84, 1.80 | 0.30 | 24.6 ± 14.6 | 0.6 | −4.3, 5.5 | 0.82 |
| Renal failure | 32% | 1.32 | 0.98, 1.79 | 0.07 | 23.2 ± 14.0 | −7.3 | −11.0, −3.5 | <0.001 |
| Weight loss | 31% | 1.05 | 0.78, 1.40 | 0.75 | 24.6 ± 13.4 | 1.2 | −2.3, 4.8 | 0.50 |
CR, cardiac rehabilitation; CI, confidence interval; IRF, inpatient rehabilitation facility; SNF, skilled nursing facility.
*
Adjusted for all listed variables.