Table 3.
Predictors of cumulative one-year hospitalization risk amongst Medicare beneficiaries receiving ventricular assist devices in 2014 (N=1164).
| Cumulative one-year hospitalization risk | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Hazard Ratio* | 95% CI | p-value |
| CR participation | 0.77 | 0.67, 0.89 | <0.001 |
| Demographics | |||
| Age (5 year increase) | 0.99 | 0.96, 1.01 | 0.31 |
| Sex | -- | -- | 0.76 |
| Male | 0.98 | 0.85, 1.12 | -- |
| Female | -- | Referent | -- |
| Race | -- | -- | 0.21 |
| Black | 1.06 | 0.92, 1.22 | -- |
| Other | 0.85 | 0.68, 1.07 | -- |
| White | -- | Referent | -- |
| Median county income (per $10,000 increase) | 1.01 | 0.98, 1.05 | 0.54 |
| Census Region | -- | -- | 0.37 |
| Midwest | 1.03 | 0.90, 1.18 | -- |
| Northeast | 0.94 | 0.80, 1.09 | -- |
| West | 0.88 | 0.74, 1.05 | -- |
| South | -- | Referent | -- |
| Clinical | |||
| Length of stay (5 day increase) | 1.003 | 0.995, 1.01 | 0.50 |
| Discharged to IRF or SNF | 1.15 | 1.02, 1.29 | <0.05 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 1.42 | 1.20, 1.68 | <0.0001 |
| Depression | 1.14 | 1.01, 1.28 | <0.05 |
| Diabetes | 1.11 | 1.00, 1.24 | 0.06 |
| Hypertension | 1.00 | 0.84, 1.19 | 0.99 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.96 | 0.84, 1.09 | 0.51 |
| Liver disease | 0.95 | 0.83, 1.09 | 0.46 |
| Obesity | 1.07 | 0.94, 1.20 | 0.31 |
| Other neurological disorders | 1.05 | 0.90, 1.23 | 0.54 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1.12 | 0.97, 1.29 | 0.12 |
| Pulmonary circulation disorders | 0.80 | 0.69, 0.94 | <0.01 |
| Renal failure | 1.28 | 1.13, 1.45 | <0.001 |
| Weight loss | 1.02 | 0.90, 1.15 | 0.77 |
CR, cardiac rehabilitation; CI, confidence interval; IRF, inpatient rehabilitation facility; SNF, skilled nursing facility.
*
Hazard ratios derived from the multivariable-adjusted Andersen-Gill model with robust sandwich covariance estimator (or proportional means model) adjusted for all listed covariates. Ventricular assist device recipients receiving transplants were censored at the time of the transplant admission.