Table 4.
Predictors of one-year mortality risk amongst Medicare beneficiaries receiving ventricular assist devices in 2014 (N=1164).
| One-year mortality risk | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Hazard Ratio* | 95% CI | p-value |
| CR participation | 0.53 | 0.34, 0.82 | <0.01 |
| Demographics | |||
| Age (5 year increase) | 1.09 | 1.01, 1.19 | <0.05 |
| Sex | -- | -- | 0.69 |
| Male | 1.04 | 0.71, 1.53 | -- |
| Female | -- | Referent | -- |
| Race | -- | -- | 0.14 |
| Black | 0.76 | 0.50, 1.14 | -- |
| Other | 1.44 | 0.82, 2.54 | -- |
| White | -- | Referent | -- |
| Median county income (per $10,000 increase) | 0.93 | 0.84, 1.04 | 0.20 |
| Census Region | -- | -- | 0.84 |
| Midwest | 0.85 | 0.59, 1.24 | -- |
| Northeast | 0.87 | 0.56, 1.36 | -- |
| West | 0.97 | 0.61, 1.64 | -- |
| South | -- | Referent | -- |
| Clinical | |||
| Length of stay (5 day increase) | 1.02 | 1.00, 1.04 | 0.07 |
| Discharged to IRF or SNF | 1.57 | 1.17, 2.10 | <0.01 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 1.44 | 0.93, 2.24 | 0.10 |
| Depression | 0.96 | 0.69, 1.35 | 0.83 |
| Diabetes | 1.23 | 0.91, 1.67 | 0.18 |
| Hypertension | 1.00 | 0.63, 1.58 | 0.98 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.96 | 0.69, 1.35 | 0.82 |
| Liver disease | 0.94 | 0.65, 1.34 | 0.72 |
| Obesity | 0.99 | 0.71, 1.38 | 0.94 |
| Other neurological disorders | 1.30 | 0.90, 1.89 | 0.17 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1.45 | 1.04, 2.02 | <0.05 |
| Pulmonary circulation disorders | 0.91 | 0.63, 1.32 | 0.62 |
| Renal failure | 1.06 | 0.76, 1.49 | 0.72 |
| Weight loss | 1.42 | 1.05, 1.90 | <0.05 |
CR, cardiac rehabilitation; CI, confidence interval; IRF, inpatient rehabilitation facility; SNF, skilled nursing facility; VAD, ventricular assist device.
*
Hazard ratios derived from a Cox regression model adjusted for all listed covariates.
Ventricular assist device recipients receiving transplants were censored at the time of the transplant admission.