Table 4.
Other non-self-report responses collected from participants in combination with EMA in field studies of substance use
| Reference | Substance(s) | Measure added to EMA | Participants | Monitoring duration | EMA device; other device(s) | Compliance/Feasibility | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lukasiewicz et al. 2005 | alcohol | reaction time | 18 alcohol-dependent adults (14 providing EMA data) | up to 3 weeks or until drinking lapse | Handspring Visor electronic diary | 4 participants broke/lost electronic diary before any data could be transferred; 14 others had missing data rates of 5.6–26.8% | reaction time measured as time required to complete first EMA scale |
| McCarthy et al. 2016 | tobacco | impulsive action (continuous performance test) | 116 adult smokers making a quit attempt | 4 weeks (1 week pre-quit, 3 weeks post-quit) | palmtop computer (model N/A) | N/A | impulsive choice also measured by delay discounting (self-reported money preferences) |
| Schuster et al. 2016 | tobacco, alcohol, marijuana | visual working memory | 287 adolescents, at five-year follow-up (9th or 10th grade students at baseline) | 7 days | palmtop computer (model N/A) | 92.6% EMA answer rate | |
| Shiffman et al. 1995 | tobacco | reaction time; timed finger tapping ; mental arithmetic; visuospatial logic | 25 “regular smokers” + 26 “chippers” (i.e., lighter smokers) | 2 × 4-day periods separated by 1 week (1 while smoking, 1 while abstinent) | PSION Organizer II model XP hand-held computer | 72% of participants completed all EMA assessments; < 1% of behavioral tasks interrupted/neglect ed (i.e., to trigger a task restart protocol) | hand-held computer also outfitted with mouthpiece for “bogus pipeline” sham field CO testing |
| Waters & Li 2008 | tobacco | reaction time | 22 adult smokers + 22 adult non-smokers | 1 week | HP iPAQ Pocket PC PDA | 81.2% EMA answer rate; ~3% of reaction time measurements discarded as interrupted/from incorrect trials | Reaction times obtained in three versions of the Stroop task: “classic,” emotional words, and smoking-related words |
| Waters et al. 2014 | tobacco | reaction time | 129 adult smokers making a quit attempt | 1 week | HP iPAQ Pocket PC PDA | 119/129 participants provided data: Stroop data available for 1,322/2,441 EMA trials completed | Reaction times obtained in a smoking-related word version of the Stroop task |