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. 2018 May 16;8:7681. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-25736-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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mRNA expression of up-regulated target genes in microarray by qPCR in cattle types adapted to high altitude region and low altitude region. HIF-1α (Hypoxia inducible factor-1α), EPAS-1 (Endothelial PAS Domain 1), VEGF-A (Vascular endothelial growth factor-A), ECE-1 (Endothelin converting enzyme 1), NOS2 (Nitric oxide synthase2), GLUT1 (Glucose transporter-1), HK2 (Hexokinase2), TNFα (Tumor necrosis factor α) and GRα (Growth receptor α), Heat shock proteins (HSP27, HSP70 and HSP 90). HA: High altitude, LA: Low altitude. LAC: Ladakhi cattle, HFX: Holstein Frisian cross, JYC: Jersey cattle, SAC: Sahiwal cattle, KFC: Karan fries cattle, HFC: Holstein Frisian cattle.