Depletion of microglia promotes astrocyte responses following MPTP treatment. C57BL/6 mice received PLX3397 or vehicle for 21 d prior to saline or MPTP administration (intraperitoneal injection). Mice continued to receive PLX3397 or vehicle until the experiments ended. At d 7 after saline or MPTP injection, single cell suspensions were prepared from substantia nigra and striatal tissues. A) Flow cytometry plots show the gating strategy for astrocytes (GLAST+) and their expression of TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS, IP-10, CCL2, and CCL21. B, C) Bar graphs show the effects of microglial depletion on the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS, IP-10, CCL2, and CCL21 in astrocytes at d 7 after MPTP treatment. All data are presented as means ± sem; n = 9 mice/group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.