Figure 6.

Effect of shifted LD cycles on BMDM expression of proinflammatory cytokines in HFD-fed mice. BMDMs from HFD-fed mice on fixed or shifted LD cycles were differentiated and then treated for 30 min with PBS or LPS (10 ng/ml) (n = 6) at 6, 12, 18, and 24 h after serum shock administration. Plotted values correspond to real-time PCR determinations of the ratios of IL-1β (A), IL-6 (B), and TNF-α/β-actin (C) mRNA signal (means ± sem) in LPS-treated BMDMs that were adjusted in relation to the average for PBS-treated cultures from fixed LD controls, which were arbitrarily set as 1. Asterisks denote time-based comparisons in which the relative induction of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA in LPS-treated BMDM cultures from HFD-fed mice on shifted LD cycles was significantly increased (P < 0.05) compared with the levels found in fixed LD controls.