Table 2.
Characteristics of patients with and without symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage at follow-up
| Patients with symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (n=14) | Patients without symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (n=1433) | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 79 (10) | 76 (10) | 0·322 | ||
| Sex | .. | .. | 0·620 | ||
| Female | 5 (36%) | 606 (42%) | .. | ||
| Male | 9 (64%) | 827 (58%) | .. | ||
| Hypertension | 8 (57%) | 898/1411 (64%) | 0·615 | ||
| Hyperlipidaemia | 8 (57%) | 629/1413 (45%) | 0·344 | ||
| Diabetes | 6 (43%) | 236 (16%) | 0·0086 | ||
| Ischaemic heart disease | 1 (7%) | 238 (17%) | 0·343 | ||
| Previous ischaemic stroke | 2 (14%) | 138 (10%) | 0·500 | ||
| Previous intracerebral haemorrhage | 0 | 8 (1%) | 1·0 | ||
| Alcohol use | |||||
| Units per week | 1·5 (0·0–5·0) | 2 (0–9) | 0·515 | ||
| >14 units per week | 1/12 (8%) | 205/1339 (15%) | 0·496 | ||
| Congestive heart failure | 0 | 59 (4%) | 0·440 | ||
| Abnormal renal function | 2 (14%) | 169 (12%) | 0·774 | ||
| Ethnicity | |||||
| White | 14 (100%) | 1356 (95%) | .. | ||
| Non-white | 0 | 46 (3%) | 0·492 | ||
| Asian* | 0 | 29 (2%) | .. | ||
| Black | 0 | 17 (1%) | .. | ||
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 5·5 (4·6–16·2) | 4·4 (2·0–12·0) | 0·113 | ||
| Platelet count | 212 (167–225) | 220 (185–264) | 0·252 | ||
| CHA2DS2VASc score | 6 (4–6) | 5 (4–6) | 0·224 | ||
| HAS-BLED score | 2 (2–3) | 3 (2–3) | 0·144 | ||
| Anticoagulation started | 14 (100%) | 1385 (97%) | 0·485 | ||
| Anticoagulant used | .. | .. | 0·071 | ||
| DOAC | 2 (14%) | 523/1385 (38%) | .. | ||
| VKA | 12 (86%) | 862/1385 (62%) | .. | ||
| Concurrent antiplatelets | 1 (7%) | 56 (4%) | 0·536 | ||
| Poor time in therapeutic range† | 0 | 133/862 (15%) | 0·145 | ||
| Total white matter hyperintensity (ARWMC) score | 1·5 (0·0–5·0) | 1 (0·0–3·0) | 0·968 | ||
| Cerebral microbleed presence | 7 (50%) | 297 (21%) | 0·0075 | ||
| Median | 0·5 (0·0–3·0) | 0 (0·0–0·0) | 0·0034 | ||
| Range | 0–12 | 0–107 | NA | ||
| cSS presence | 1 (7%) | 4 (<1%) | <0·0001 | ||
Data are n (%), n/N (%), mean (SD), or median (IQR). Follow-up was at any time during the 24 months after enrolment, with a minimum of 6 months. DOAC=direct oral anticoagulant. cSS=cortical superficial siderosis. ARWMC=age-related white matter changes. NA=not applicable. VKA=vitamin K antagonist.
*
Asian denotes Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, or “any other Asian background”.
†
Poor time in the therapeutic range for VKA use was defined as <60%.