Surfactant |
|
|
Synthesis |
|
|
Components of surfactant
|
|
|
Phospholipids |
Surface activity |
[186] |
Surfactant proteins |
|
|
A |
Tubular myelin formation |
[71,187,188] |
|
Defence |
[33] |
B |
Absorption of lipid to monolayer |
[71,189] |
C |
|
[86] |
D |
Defence |
[34,190] |
Components secreted together with surfactant
|
|
|
Lysozyme |
Defence |
[35,191] |
Plasmalogens |
Protection against oxidation |
[192] |
Cathepsin H |
|
|
Maturation |
|
|
Intracellular cathepsin H |
Processing of SP-B |
[194] |
|
Processing of SP-C |
[50] |
Secretion |
|
|
Signal receptors
|
|
|
β-adrenergic receptors |
|
[195,196] |
P1 purinoreceptors |
|
[197,198] |
P2Y purinoreceptors |
|
[198,199] |
Components of exocytosis apparatus
|
|
|
Microtubules |
|
[65] |
Actin |
|
[66] |
Annexin II |
|
[200] |
Annexin IV |
|
[201] |
Annexin VII (= Synexin) |
|
[202,203] |
Extracellular transformation |
|
|
α1-antitrypsin |
|
[2048] |
Convertase |
Conversion of lipid monolayer into vesicles |
[88,89,205] |
Recycling |
|
|
Receptor of SP-A |
|
[206] |
Lamellar body lysosomal enzymes
|
|
|
Alkaline phosphatase |
Marker of type II cells |
[207] |
α-glucosidase |
|
[208] |
α-mannose |
|
[208] |
Alveolar epithelial repair |
|
|
Proliferation
|
|
|
Cyclin A |
|
[209] |
Cyclins D1, D2 |
Proliferation, differentiation |
[210] |
Cyclin dependent phosphokinases |
Proliferation, differentiation |
[210] |
PTHRP |
Inhibition of proliferation |
[211] |
Calmodulin |
Proliferation, differentiation |
[212,213] |
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein2 |
G1-arrest |
[214] |
Differentiation
|
|
|
Retinoic acid receptor |
Inhibition of differentiation |
[215] |
Aminopeptidase N |
|
[216] |
Apoptosis
|
|
|
CD95 (receptor of Fas-ligand) |
|
[134] |
Fas-ligand |
|
[138] |
Bax |
Pro-apoptotic peptide |
[217] |
Bcl-2 |
Anti-apoptotic peptide |
[138] |
Caspase-3 |
Execution caspase |
[138] |