Table 1.
General situations of different SBP trajectory groups
| Parameter* | Low-stable group (n = 864) | Moderate-stable group (n = 1980) | Moderate increasing group (n = 609) | Elevated decreasing group (n = 679) | Elevated stable group (n = 424) | Total (n = 4556) | P† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 49.25 ± 9.47 | 53.09 ± 8.96a,‡ | 56.86 ± 7.54a,c | 55.82 ± 8.68a,b | 58.18 ± 7.53a,b | 53.75 ± 9.15 | <0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 657 (76.0) | 1625 (82.1) | 496 (81.4) | 560 (82.5) | 345 (81.4) | 3683 (80.8) | 0.004 |
| SBP_06 (mmHg) | 115.64 ± 11.29 | 131.27 ± 12.30a | 135.76 ± 12.26a,b | 159.65 ± 12.27a,b | 159.23 ± 15.45a,b,d | 135.64 ± 19.36 | <0.001 |
| SBP_14 (mmHg) | 123.18 ± 12.38 | 140.78 ± 12.47a | 167.51 ± 12.60a,b | 143.98 ± 13.06a,b,c | 173.94 ± 13.12a,b,c,d | 144.14 ± 20.12 | <0.001 |
| SBP14–06 (mmHg) | 7.16 ± 16.99 | 9.57 ± 18.11 | 31.67 ± 17.12a,b | −15.17 ± 17.04a,b,c | 13.71 ± 19.78a,b,c,d | 8.76 ± 21.70 | <0.001 |
| DBP_06 (mmHg) | 76.78 ± 8.30 | 84.07 ± 8.83a | 85.24 ± 9.08a | 96.11 ± 11.50a,b,c | 93.57 ± 11.76a,b,c | 85.53 ± 11.34 | <0.001 |
| DBP_14 (mmHg) | 75.90 ± 8.93 | 82.19 ± 9.26a | 87.30 ± 11.15a,b | 83.81 ± 10.06a,b,c | 90.27 ± 12.21a,b,c,d | 82.56 ± 10.73 | <0.001 |
| DBP14–06 (mmHg) | −1.12 ± 11.04 | −1.95 ± 11.40 | 2.12 ± 12.83a,b | −12.49 ± 12.23a,b,c | −3.59 ± 14.60c,d | −2.93 ± 12.84 | <0.001 |
| SBP slope | 1.48 ± 4.26 | 1.69 ± 4.64 | 7.72 ± 4.07a,b | −4.73 ± 4.40a,b,c | 3.03 ± 5.44a,b,c,d | 1.63 ± 5.63 | <0.001 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 9.24 ± 3.14 | 9.03 ± 2.82 | 9.33 ± 3.01 | 8.71 ± 2.33a,c | 9.31 ± 2.99d | 9.09 ± 2.86 | <0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.11 ± 1.14 | 5.20 ± 1.21 | 5.10 ± 1.14 | 5.35 ± 1.20a,b,c | 5.24 ± 1.29a,c | 5.19 ± 1.20 | 0.001 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.50 ± 0.38 | 1.53 ± 0.39 | 1.53 ± 0.43 | 1.57 ± 0.45a | 1.55 ± 0.42 | 1.53 ± 0.41 | 0.025 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.36 ± 0.90 | 2.41 ± 1.00 | 2.35 ± 0.92 | 2.39 ± 1.10 | 2.51 ± 1.04 | 2.40 ± 0.99 | 0.082 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.08 ± 3.30 | 26.25 ± 3.31a | 26.20 ± 3.16a | 27.15 ± 3.31a,b,c | 26.81 ± 3.50a,b,c | 26.20 ± 3.36 | <0.001 |
| Exercise, n (%) | 128 (14.8) | 351 (17.7) | 143 (23.5) | 145 (21.4) | 110 (25.9) | 877 (19.2) | 0.005 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 275 (31.8) | 578 (29.2) | 185 (30.4) | 202 (29.7) | 114 (26.9) | 1354 (29.7) | 0.382 |
| Drinking, n (%) | 127 (14.7) | 328 (16.6) | 118 (19.4) | 122 (18.0) | 69 (16.3) | 764 (16.8) | 0.061 |
| Taking antihypertensive medications, n (%) | 71 (8.2) | 591 (29.8) | 313 (51.4) | 428 (63.0) | 304 (71.7) | 1707 (37.5) | <0.001 |
| Taking hypoglycemic agents, n (%) | 453 (52.4) | 1045 (52.8) | 371 (60.9) | 349 (51.4) | 250 (59.0) | 2468 (54.2) | 0.019 |
| Sulfonylureas, n (%) | 28 (3.2) | 63 (3.2) | 27 (4.4) | 25 (3.7) | 20 (4.7) | 163 (3.7) | 0.393 |
| Biguanide, n (%) | 66 (7.6) | 182 (9.2) | 68 (11.2) | 55 (8.1) | 41 (9.7) | 412 (9.0) | 0.171 |
| Glucosidase inhibitor, n (%) | 10 (1.2) | 14 (0.7) | 6 (1.0) | 8 (1.2) | 5 (1.2) | 43 (0.9) | 0.686 |
| Thiazolidine diones, n (%) | 3 (0.3) | 6 (0.3) | 4 (0.7) | 2 (0.3) | 3 (0.7) | 18 (0.4) | 0.598 |
| Noninsulin secretagogue, n (%) | 9 (1.0) | 8 (0.4) | 6 (1.0) | 4 (0.6) | 3 (0.7) | 30 (0.7) | 0.292 |
| Insulin, n (%) | 50 (5.8) | 96 (4.8) | 35 (5.7) | 33 (4.9) | 20 (4.7) | 234 (5.1) | 0.770 |
| Traditional Chinese medicine and others, n (%) | 65 (7.5) | 161 (8.1) | 57 (9.4) | 54 (8.0) | 39 (9.2) | 376 (8.3) | 0.697 |
| High cholesterol, n (%) | 489 (56.6) | 1295 (65.4) | 412 (67.7) | 484 (71.3) | 290 (68.4) | 2970 (65.2) | <0.001 |
*SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; BMI: Body mass index; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC: Total cholesterol; SBP14–06: 06 years and 14 years, SBP difference; DBP14–06: 06 years and 14 years, the difference between the DBP; Taking antihypertensive medications: Claimed to take medications in 06, 08, 10 or 12; Taking hypoglycaemic agents: Claimed to take hypoglycaemic agents in 06, 08, 10 or 12; Hypoglycaemic agents species using 2006 data; †P value are for the difference comparison between the five groups; ‡Superscript a, b, c, d refers to the difference in each group. Compared with low-stable group, aP<0.01; Compared with moderate-stable group, bP<0.01; Compared with moderate increasing group, cP<0.01; Compared with elevated decreasing group, dP<0.01.