Table 2.

Muscle parameters at admission and pre- and post-hospitalization falls, stratified by sex

		N	Falls, Mean (SD)	No falls, Mean (SD)	Crude		Adjusted
					OR (95% CI)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value
Pre-hospitalization fallsa
HGS, kg	♂	192	23.5 (10.8)	27.9 (8.82)	0.95 (0.92, 0.98)	0.003	0.94 (0.90, 0.98)	0.003
	♀	185	14.3 (5.96)	15.6 (5.25)	0.96 (0.91, 1.01)	0.128	0.94 (0.88, 1.00)	0.062
SMM, kg	♂	158	28.9 (5.22)	30.4 (5.84)	0.95 (0.90, 1.01)	0.104	0.94 (0.88, 1.01)	0.074
	♀	162	22.8 (4.01)	22.3 (3.50)	1.04 (0.86, 1.13)	0.352	1.04 (0.95, 1.13)	0.393
SMI, kg/m2	♂	158	9.45 (1.49)	9.88 (1.45)	0.82 (0.65, 1.02)	0.076	0.80 (0.64, 1.01)	0.063
	♀	162	8.73 (1.32)	8.51 (1.17)	1.11 (0.87, 1.43)	0.399	1.10 (0.85, 1.42)	0.470
RMM, %	♂	158	38.9 (5.56)	39.2 (4.60)	0.99 (0.93, 1.06)	0.748	0.97 (0.90, 1.04)	0.383
	♀	162	33.2 (6.04)	34.3 (5.26)	0.97 (0.91, 1.02)	0.226	0.99 (0.92, 1.07)	0.856
Post-hospitalization fallsb
HGS, kg	♂	137	23.4 (9.16)	29.6 (9.90)	0.94 (0.90, 0.98)	0.004	0.93 (0.88, 0.99)	0.020
	♀	145	14.7 (5.43)	15.1 (5.56)	0.99 (0.91, 1.07)	0.746	1.02 (0.92, 1.12)	0.771
SMM, kg	♂	116	27.3 (3.71)	31.8 (5.61)	0.81 (0.71, 0.91)	0.001	0.80 (0.71, 0.92)	0.001
	♀	125	22.1 (4.36)	23.0 (3.75)	0.94 (0.83, 1.07)	0.320	0.92 (0.81, 1.06)	0.243
SMI, kg/m2	♂	116	9.08 (1.15)	10.2 (1.41)	0.53 (0.36, 0.77)	0.001	0.50 (0.33, 0.76)	0.001
	♀	125	8.39 (1.55)	8.80 (1.16)	0.75 (0.50, 1.13)	0.166	0.73 (0.48, 1.10)	0.132
RMM, %	♂	116	38.2 (4.70)	39.4 (5.32)	0.96 (0.88, 1.04)	0.309	0.85 (0.75, 0.96)	0.009
	♀	125	32.9 (6.51)	33.7 (5.04)	0.97 (0.89, 1.06)	0.533	0.95 (0.85, 1.07)	0.435

CI Confidence Interval. HGS Hand Grip Strength. OR Odds Ratio. SD Standard Deviation. SMI Skeletal Muscle Index. SMM Skeletal Muscle Mass. RMM Relative Muscle Mass. Adjusted model adjusted for age, comorbidities, HGS for height and RMM for weight. Statistically significant results are presented in bold. ^aPre-hospitalization falls, yes: N = 172, no: N = 205. ^bPost-hospitalization falls, yes: N = 58, no: N = 224