Table 1.
Summary of studies comparing visuospatial function in AD, DLB, FTD, and VaD
| Test | Studies | Subtest/scoring | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| Visual perception | Calderon et al., 2001 [45] | Incomplete letters | DLB < AD |
| VOSP | Silhouettes | DLB = AD | |
| Cube analysis | DLB < AD | ||
| Siri et al., 2001 [44] | Cube analysis | AD < FTD | |
| Pengas et al., 2010 [73] | Cube analysis | AD = semantic dementia | |
| JLO | Ota et al., 2015 [65] | Overall score | DLB < AD |
| Simard et al., 2003 [47] | Overall score | DLB = AD | |
| Hodges et al., 1999 [49] | Overall score | AD = FTD | |
| Grossi et al., 2002 [48] | Overall score | AD = FTD | |
| Construction | Shimomura et al., 1998 [63] | WAIS-III | DLB < AD |
| Block design | Hansen et al., 1990 [61] | WAIS-III | DLB < AD |
| Galasko et al., 1996 [59] | WISC | DLB < AD | |
| Johnson et al., 2005 [62] | WISC | DLB/AD < DLB < AD | |
| Rascovsky et al., 2002 [56] | WISC | AD < FTD | |
| CDT | Ota et al., 2015 [65] | Copy | DLB = AD |
| Galasko et al., 1996 [59] | Copy | DLB < AD | |
| Gnanalingham et al., 1997 [60] | Copy | DLB < AD | |
| Cahn-Weiner et al., 2003 [64] | Command | DLB = AD | |
| Blair et al., 2006 [40] | Command | AD < FTD | |
| Rascovsky et al., 2002 [56] | Copy and command | AD < FTD | |
| Schmidtke and Olbrich, 2007 [54] | Circle predrawn | AD = FTD | |
| Moretti et al., 2002 [55] | Circle predrawn | AD < FTD = VaD | |
| Libon et al., 1993 [68] | Copy | VaD < AD | |
| Kitabayashi et al., 2001 [67] | Command | VaD < AD | |
| Heinik et al., 2002 [66] | Command | VaD < AD | |
| RCF copy | Grossi et al., 2002 [48] | Copy | AD = FTD |
| Kramer et al., 2003 [57] | Copy | AD = FTD | |
| Irish et al., 2014 [12] | Copy | AD = FTD | |
| Pachana et al., 1996 [41] | Copy | AD < FTD | |
| Irish et al., 2016 [88] | Copy | AD < semantic dementia | |
| Pengas et al., 2010 [73] | Copy | AD < semantic dementia | |
| Visual memory | Kramer et al., 2003 [57] | Recall | AD < FTD |
| RCF recall | Perry and Hodges, 2000 [89] | Recall | AD < FTD |
| Siri et al., 2001 [44] | Recall | AD < FTD | |
| Pachana et al., 1996 [41] | Recall | AD < FTD | |
| Irish et al., 2014 [12] | Recall | AD = FTD | |
| Galton et al., 2001 [90] | Recall | AD < semantic dementia | |
| Pengas et al., 2010 [73] | Recall | AD < semantic dementia | |
| Irish et al., 2016 [88] | Recall | AD < semantic dementia | |
| Benton visual retention test | Grossi et al., 2002 [48] | Copy | AD = FTD |
| Johnson et al., 2005 [62] | Copy and recall | DLB/AD < DLB < AD | |
| Doors | Irish et al., 2014 [12] | Recognition | AD = bvFTD |
| Graham et al., 2004 [71] | Recognition | AD = VaD | |
| Virtual supermarket test | Tu et al., 2015 [72] | AD < FTD | |
| Virtual route learning task | Pengas et al., 2010 [73] | AD < semantic dementia | |
| CANTAB PAL | Lee et al., 2003 [77] | AD < FTD | |
| CANTAB MTS | Lee et al., 2003 [77] | AD = FTD |
Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer's disease; DLB, dementia with Lewy bodies; FTD, frontotemporal dementia; VaD, vascular dementia; VOSP, visual object and space perception battery; JLO, judgment of line orientation; CDT, Clock Drawing Test; RCF, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure; CANTAB, Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery; PAL, Paired Associates Learning Task; MTS, matching-to-sample task.