Table 3.
Appropriateness of the treatment decision and use of diagnostic tests
| First treatment decision (p-value = < 0.0001)a | Final treatment decision (p-value = 0.04)b | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Appropriate | Overtreatment | Undertreatment | Appropriate | Overtreatment | Undertreatment | |
| No culturec (n = 54) |
30(55) | 21(39) | 3(6) | 30(55) | 21(39) | 3(6) |
| Culture performed in practice (n = 317) | 176(56) | 46(14) | 95(30) | 227(71) | 76(24) | 14(5) |
| Culture performed at hospital (n = 117) | 71(61) | 32(27) | 14(12) | 81(69) | 24(21) | 12(10) |
Appropriate = prescribing antibiotics when reference test is positive and not prescribing antibiotics when reference test is negative
Ovrertreatment = prescribing antibiotics when reference test is negative
Undertreatment = not prescribing antibiotics when reference test is positive
Permutation LR test to assess whether treatment decision at the day of the index consultationa or at the day of the final treatment decisionb differs between groups: a) no culture, b) culture performed in practice, c) culture performed at hospital. Hierarchical model with practices as a random intercept and adjusted for: complicated versus uncomplicated UTI, offensive smell, anamnesis score, microscope and culture in practice availability
cWhen not performing culture, first treatment decision is the final treatment decision