Effects of AR signaling modulators on adipogenesis in hBM-MSCs. (A) hBM-MSCs were grown under IDX conditions and/or co-treated with adenosine, caffeine, 14, 15, 16, or 1a. (B) ORO staining was performed to estimate lipid droplets on the 7th day in culture. (C) On the 7th day in culture, the supernatant was harvested and ELISA was performed to measure the levels of adiponectin accumulated in the supernatants over 48 h. Results are the mean ± SD of three measurements using hBM-MSCs from three independent donors (n = 3, three independent experiments): (*) p ≤ 0.05 and (**) p ≤ 0.01.