(A) Fluorescence images and (B) fluorescence intensities of RAW264.7 cells after incubation with RhB-labeled RGD-NPVs@MNPs/DOX and NLVs@MNPs/DOX at a concentration of 50 μg/mL for 4 h. (C) Western blot analysis of αvβ3 integrin expression for different cells. (D) IC50 values of HUVECs, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231/ADR cells after treatment with different formulations for 24 h. (E) Fluorescence images of HUVECs, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231/ADR cells stained with Calcein AM and PI after treatment with RGD-NPVs@MNPs/DOX only and RGD-NPVs@MNPs/DOX + laser at an NP concentration of 100 μg/mL (red signal, dead cells; green signal, live cells). Scale bar represents 200 μm. (F) Western blot analysis of the P-gp levels in MDA-MB-231/ADR cells after treatment with RGD-NPVs@MNPs/DOX only and RGD-NPVs@MNPs/DOX + laser for 4 h. Viability of HUVECs (G), MDA-MB-231 cells (H) and MDA-MB-231/ADR cells (I) after treatment with RGD-NPVs@MNPs/DOX only and RGD-NPVs@MNPs/DOX + laser at NP concentrations of 50 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.