Table 1. Participants' characteristics.

Characteristics	Total	Visually impaired	Normally sighted	P
Total	327	60 (18.3)	267 (81.7)	-
Gender
M	112	20 (33.3)	92 (34.5)
F	215	40 (66.7)	175 (65.5)	0.87
Age group, mean±SD	67.6±8.0	72.3±8.7	66.5±7.4	<0.001
≤60y	64	5 (8.3)	59 (22.1)
61 to 70y	152	21 (35)	131 (49.1)
>70y	111	34 (56.7)	77 (28.8)
Educational level				0.23
Uneducated	17	5 (8.3)	12 (4.5)
Educated	310	55 (91.7)	255 (95.5)
Employment status				<0.001
Unemployed	131	36 (60.0)	95 (35.6)
Employed	196	24 (40.0)	172 (64.4)
Household income				0.49
Not enough	145	29 (48.3)	116 (43.4)
Enough	182	31 (51.7)	151 (56.6)
Marital status				0.004
Single	13	4 (6.7)	9 (3.4)
Married	200	25 (41.7)	175 (65.5)
Widow	92	24 (40.0)	68 (25.5)
Divorced/separated	22	7 (11.7)	15 (5.6)
Living arrangement				0.52
Living alone	31	7 (11.7)	24 (9.0)
Living with others	296	53 (88.3)	243 (91.0)
Diabetes				0.18
No	282	55 (91.7)	227 (85.0)
Yes	45	5 (8.3)	40 (15.0)
Hypertension				0.59
No	163	28 (46.7)	135 (50.6)
Yes	164	32 (53.3)	132 (49.4)
Smoking				0.08
Current	47	14 (23.3)	33 (12.4)
Past	43	6 (10.0)	37 (13.9)
Never	237	40 (66.7)	197 (73.8)
Body mass index (BMI)				0.003
Underweight	25	4 (6.7)	21 (7.9)
Normal	97	29 (48.3)	68 (25.5)
Overweight/obese	205	27 (45.0)	178 (66.7)
History of eye exams				0.05
Never	150	35 (58.3)	115 (43.1)
Within a year	85	9 (15.0)	76 (28.5)
Over a year	92	16 (26.7)	76 (28.5)
Sleep quality				0.07
Poor	56	15 (25.0)	41 (15.4)
Good	271	45 (75.0)	226 (84.6)
Disability in ADL				<0.001
No	244	36 (60.0)	208 (77.9)
Yes	83	24 (40.0)	59 (22.1)

ADL: Activities of daily living.

n (%)