Table 2.

Example levels of ecosystem functioning (arbitrary units) in monoculture (M_ijk) and mixture (Y_ijk) for species i at time j and place k that would produce each of the six types of biodiversity effects. Biodiversity effects are quantified using E10 in Box 3, assuming equal initial proportions RY_E,ijk = 0.5 for all i, j and k. In all cases shown, total complementarity effects and total selection effects are simply the sum of local effects: $C{E}_{\gamma }={\sum }_k^P{\sum }_j^{T}C{E}_{\alpha }$ and $S{E}_{\gamma }={\sum }_k^P{\sum }_j^{T}S{E}_{\alpha }.$

			Case 1		Case 2		Case 3		Case 4		Case 5		Case 6
Time (j)	Place (k)	Species (i)	Mijk	Yijk	Mijk	Yijk	Mijk	Yijk	Mijk	Yijk	Mijk	Yijk	Mijk	Yijk
1	1	1	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	75	50	100	50
1	1	2	50	0	50	0	50	0	50	0	75	50	50	50
1	2	1	100	100	100	100	50	0	50	0	75	50	100	50
1	2	2	50	0	50	0	100	100	100	100	75	50	50	50
2	1	1	100	100	50	0	100	100	50	0	75	50	100	50
2	1	2	50	0	100	100	50	0	100	100	75	50	50	50
2	2	1	100	100	50	0	50	0	100	100	75	50	100	50
2	2	2	50	0	100	100	100	100	50	0	75	50	50	50
Net biodiversity effect			100		100		100		100		100		100
Total complementarity effects: CEγ			0		0		0		0		100		150
Total selection effects: SEγ			100		100		100		100		0		−50
-Non-random overyielding			0		0		0		0		0		−50
-Total insurance			100		100		100		100		0		0
•  Average selection			100		0		0		0		0		0
•  Temporal insurance			0		100		0		0		0		0
•  Spatial insurance			0		0		100		0		0		0
•  Spatiotemporal insurance			0		0		0		100		0		0