Table 1. Selected characteristics of HIV-positive women in care who had a pregnancy since HIV diagnosis, by only planned pregnancies vs. ≥ 1 unplanned pregnancies—Medical Monitoring Project—2013–2014 (N = 671).
| Characteristics | Had only planned pregnancies1† | Had ≥1 unplanned pregnancies1† | Chi-square | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | %(95% CI) | n | %(95% CI) | p-value^ | |
| Total | 147 | 21.9 (18.3–25.5) | 524 | 78.1 (74.5–81.7) | |
| Age group at time of diagnosis (years) | 0.55 | ||||
| ≤19 | 18 | 13.1 (7.7–18.5) | 91 | 17.8 (13.9–21.7) | |
| 20–24 | 41 | 26.6 (19.9–33.4) | 151 | 29.7 (25.9–33.4) | |
| 25–29 | 44 | 29.9 (22.5–37.4) | 147 | 28.5 (24.9–32.0) | |
| 30–34 | 31 | 21.7 (16.0–27.5) | 92 | 16.7 (13.3–20.1) | |
| 35–39 | 10 | 6.3 (1.9–10.8) | 34 | 5.8 (3.6–7.9) | |
| 40–44 | 3 | 2.3 (0.0–5.1) | 9 | 1.7 (0.3–3.0) | |
| Age group at time of interview (years) | 0.80 | ||||
| 18–29 | 19 | 13.4 (7.7–19.1) | 63 | 12.7 (8.9–16.6) | |
| 30–39 | 43 | 29.5 (23.2–35.8) | 147 | 27.8 (23.8–31.9) | |
| 40–44 | 33 | 18.1 (11.8–24.4) | 119 | 22.1 (17.7–26.4) | |
| ≥45 | 52 | 38.9 (31.2–46.6) | 195 | 37.4 (32.8–41.9) | |
| Race/Ethnicity | <0.01 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic black | 87 | 56.7 (45.9–67.5) | 312 | 60.6 (52.1–69.0) | |
| Non-Hispanic white | 15 | 8.7 (3.3–14.0) | 104 | 16.5 (12.1–20.9) | |
| Hispanic** | 45 | 32.6 (22.0–43.1) | 108 | 19.2 (10.2–28.1) | |
| Other | 3 | 2.1 (0.0–4.6) | 17 | 3.8 (1.5–6.0) | |
| Highest Educational Attainment | 0.67 | ||||
| <High school | 40 | 31.2 (21.9–40.6) | 148 | 27.4 (23.0–31.9) | |
| High school graduate | 49 | 31.9 (23.2–40.6) | 166 | 32.7 (28.3–37.2) | |
| >High school | 58 | 36.9 (28.8–45.0) | 209 | 39.8 (35.8–43.9) | |
| Time since HIV diagnosis (years) | 0.41 | ||||
| <5years | 13 | 8.5 (3.8–13.1) | 42 | 8.7 (5.8–11.7) | |
| 5 years -< 10 years | 34 | 22.4 (15.7–29.1) | 95 | 17.3 (13.7–20.9) | |
| ≥10 years | 100 | 69.1 (61.7–76.5) | 387 | 73.9 (69.6–78.2) | |
| Foreign born | 38 | 26.9 (17.6–36.2) | 94 | 18.0 (13.1–22.9) | 0.02 |
| Variables based on information from the 12 months prior to MMP interview | |||||
| Any drug use in past year | 18 | 12.5 (6.8–18.3) | 98 | 18.6 (14.0–23.3) | 0.08 |
| Homelessness | 14 | 9.8 (4.1–15.5) | 46 | 9.0 (6.6–11.5) | 0.80 |
| Received public assistance | 64 | 46.0 (34.1–57.8) | 263 | 52.4 (46.6–58.1) | 0.31 |
| At or below poverty level | 111 | 81.0 (74.4–87.6) | 352 | 69.2 (63.7–74.7) | <0.01 |
| Received care from OB/GYN | 66 | 47.6 (39.0–56.1) | 162 | 31.8 (24.7–38.9) | <0.01 |
| Currently taking ART | 137 | 94.3 (90.5–98.2) | 494 | 93.8 (91.7–95.9) | 0.82 |
| Health Insurance Coverage | 0.31 | ||||
| Any private insurance | 29 | 18.5 (11.3–25.7) | 90 | 17.6 (13.6–21.6) | |
| Public insurance only | 96 | 66.4 (56.9–75.9) | 374 | 71.7 (65.8–77.6) | |
| RW only/Uninsured | 22 | 15.1 (7.7–22.5) | 60 | 10.7 (7.5–13.8) | |
| Sexually active with a male partner | 112 | 74.4 (67.4–81.4) | 347 | 65.2 (60.2–70.3) | 0.05 |
| Sex risk/partner HIV status | 0.21 | ||||
| Reported condomless sex with HIV-negative or unknown status male partner | 26 | 23.8 (15.5–32.2) | 115 | 31.9 (26.5–37.3) | |
| Reported condomless sex with HIV-positive male partner | 17 | 14.7 (8.0–21.4) | 34 | 10.6 (7.2–14.0) | |
| Did not report any condomless sex or not sexually active | 67 | 61.5 (51.7–71.2) | 189 | 57.5 (52.1–62.9) | |
| Received STI prevention counseling by a health professional | 96 | 65.5 (54.9–76.1) | 306 | 56.9 (51.2–62.6) | 0.07 |
| Had ≥ 2 CD4 or viral load tests ‡ | 135 | 92.0 (87.4–96.6) | 440 | 84.6 (81.5–87.6) | 0.01 |
| Prescribed ART‡ | 141 | 96.8 (94.1–99.5) | 483 | 92.2 (89.7–94.7) | 0.06 |
| Had sustained viral suppression ‡* | 91 | 65.1 (55.9–74.4) | 314 | 58.7 (54.4–63.0) | 0.24 |
| Used barrier birth control methods (past year) | 0.02 | ||||
| No | 50 | 36.1 (27.6–44.6) | 240 | 47.0 (42.0–52.0) | |
| Yes | 97 | 63.9 (55.4–72.4) | 283 | 53.0 (48.0–58.0) | |
| Variables based on information reported from any time since HIV diagnosis | |||||
| Number of Pregnancies since HIV diagnosis | 0.06 | ||||
| 1 | 95 | 64.3 (56.0–72.6) | 289 | 54.8 (49.5–60.2) | |
| ≥2 | 52 | 35.7 (27.4–44.0) | 235 | 45.2 (39.8–50.5) | |
| Data cycle year | 0.30 | ||||
| 2013 | 74 | 54.7 (46.3–63.2) | 254 | 49.5 (44.7–54.3) | |
| 2014 | 73 | 45.3 (36.8–53.7) | 270 | 50.5 (45.7–55.3) | |
| Women with Pregnancies since HIV diagnosis | 0.71 | ||||
| Before the year 2004 only | 56 | 37.4 (28.1–46.7) | 224 | 42.1 (36.6–47.6) | |
| During and after 2004 only | 54 | 33.9 (26.3–41.4) | 183 | 34.3 (28.5–40.2) | |
| Both before 2004 and during or after 2004 | 9 | 6.5 (1.9–11.1) | 35 | 5.9 (3.6–8.1) | |
| No dates provided for the pregnancies | 28 | 22.2 (12.6–31.8) | 82 | 17.7 (9.6–25.8) | |
1Self-reported pregnancies that occurred during or after HIV diagnosis.
Abbreviations: n = unweighted sample size; CI = Confidence interval; ART = Antiretroviral medications; VL = Viral Load; STI = Sexually Transmitted Infection; OB/GYN = Obstetrician/Gynecologist.
Time period: In the past 12 months, unless otherwise noted. All measures are self-reported unless otherwise noted.
Bold = significant at p < 0.05 level.
† Weighted row percentage.
‡ Based on medical record abstraction data in the past 12 months prior to interview.
^ Chi-square p-value based on the Rao-Scott chi-square.
* Sustained viral suppression is defined as all viral loads in the last 12 months undetectable or <200 copies/ml.
**Hispanics can be of any race/ethnicity.